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    GermanyWhy Did Gallipoli Fail? Why Did Albion Succeed? A Comparative Analysis of Two World War I Amphibious Assaults


    AndresT

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    File Name: Why Did Gallipoli Fail? Why Did Albion Succeed? A Comparative Analysis of Two World War I Amphibious Assaults

    File Submitter: AndresT

    File Submitted: 12 Nov 2014

    File Category: Germany



    Why Did Gallipoly,allipoli Fail? Why Did Albion Succeed? A Comparative Analysis of Two World War I Amphibious Assaults

    By Major Gregory A. Thiele
    The First World War witnessed very few amphibious assaults. The British
    conducted a well-known landing at Gallipoli in 1915, which was a heartbreaking
    failure. The Germans also conducted an amphibious assault in
    1917 in the Baltic. Although this German landing, codenamed ALBION,
    was successful, it has been nearly forgotten. Both Gallipoli and ALBION
    are fascinating in their own right, but they prove most illuminating when
    compared. Examination of both operations reveals that the decisions
    made before each operation began, before a single soldier set foot on
    shore, largely determined the outcome of the campaign.
    The aim of this essay is to investigate the reasons for British failure at
    Gallipoli and German success in the Baltic. This essay will essentially be
    divided into four parts. The first part will describe the failure at Gallipoli.
    The second part will analyze OPERATION ALBION, a campaign with
    which many will be unfamiliar. The third part of the essay will discuss the
    factors that made Gallipoli distinctive from ALBION and which may
    have contributed to the outcome of each. The fourth part of the essay
    will compare aspects of the two amphibious assaults.
    The Dardanelles had been a target of interest for the British Royal Navy
    from the outset of the First World War. The Ottoman General Staff
    realized this and had improved defences guarding the Straits, and “At no
    time after 17 August 1914 (two and a half months prior to the outbreak of
    hostilities) were the Dardanelles defences unready to receive an attack.”1
    The Royal Navy had conducted a first, tentative bombardment of the
    Turkish forts at the entrance to the Straits on 3 November 1914. The
    action “thoroughly alarmed the Ottoman general staff … [and] accelerated
    the program of fortification and defensive improvements.”2 The Turks,
    more alert than ever, would be ready when the Royal Navy returned in
    mid-March 1915.
    The...



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