SCcollector

Hi Harry, I would be very interesting if you could manage to list any photographs that you might have of you Great Grand Father. Kind regards, Kevin

Bowling Police Station ? c1900

Remembrance day 1933

Another intersrting photograph. PC 114 circa 1900. No further details known

Hello all, This postcard was recently purchased via Ebay. It appears to be a family group. The gentleman seated is wearing what is undoubtedly a Buckinghamshire Special Constabulary Lapel Badge. If all the persons are indeed from the same family the photograph represents the efforts and sacrifices that our people offered to the country during times of war. A very interesting record. Kevin

This is the final instalment of the extracts from "Special Constables' (And Kindred Corps) Drills and Duties. Written by Philip S Clay (Late Chief Constable of Nottingham), and published by Moore & Co., Castle Boulevard. 1915. It was priced at nine pence. An interesting little book.... POACHERS. A constable may search any person whom he may have good cause to suspect of coming from any land where he shall have been unlawfully in search or pursuit of game, or any person aiding and abetting such a person, and also stop and search any cart. Guns, game, or nets found under such circumstances should be seized by the police, and if a case, the offender summoned. Poachers found night poaching may be arrested. The game, etc., seized, in case of conviction, to be sold, and amount paid to County or Borough Treasurer; or games, etc., may be destroyed by order of Justices. MEDALS. 1. The police shall not wear any medal, ribbon, or decoration on their uniform except such as have been given for public services or allowed by the King. 2. War and Jubilee medals are to be worn on the left breast; and medals awarded by a Society for bravery in saving human life on the right breast. 3. Medals are to be worn on tunics only, and not on great coats. 4. Medals are not generally worn on ordinary duty, but should always be worn at the Annual Inspection and important ceremonies. 5. Medal ribbons may be worn on tunics and serges, but not on great coats. - Clay's police Instruction. RAILWAYS. The police will assist the officers of a Railway Company in carrying out the law in regards arresting persons travelling in a railway carriage without having paid their fare, and with intent to avoid payment, etc. RUNAWAY HORSES. To attempt to stop a runaway horse, particularly if attached to vehicles, by getting in front of them is, in nine cases out of ten, to simply court disaster, and fail in the object aimed at. By far the better way is to run beside the animal's head or shoulders, and catching hold of the reins put all possible weight into the effort, and pull the runaway up. If this cannot be done at once, hold on, keeping as clear of the horse's hoofs and the steps and wheels of the vehicle as practicable. DESERTERS. Soldiers and sailors who desert from the army or navy must be apprehended by a constable without warrant. FOOTWAYS. The police should not allow persons to carry iron bars or rods, or other dangerous or cumbrous articles upon the footways in crowded neighbourhoods, to the danger of passengers. RIGHT OF ENTRY TO LICENSED PREMISES. A constable has the right, at ant time, for the purposes of preventiung or detecting the violation of the law, to enter licensed premises. RELIEFS. "Reliefs will be marched in single rank; the leading man will lead on that side of the footpath nearer the road; the officer in charge will march on the footpath, in line with the rear man" - Police Drill. COMMON ASSAULTS. The police are not to interfere between a man and his wife who are quarrelling, unless to prevent violence to either party, or public disrurbance. The police are not authorised to arrest, or assist in arresting, a person charged by another with a common assault, when the assault was not committed in the presence or within view of the police. The person complaining is to be referred to a Magistrate. CATTLE STRAYING. Cattle found straying should be taken to a greenyard or pound, and a description of them circulated. The owners may be summoned. CHILDREN. "Child" means a person who in the opinion of the Court is under 12 years of age. A child under seven is not punishable. ACTIONS AGAINST THE POLICE. An action against the police must be commenced within six months of the cause of action, and a month's notice must be given to the police of an intention to take proceedings.

'Special Constables' (And Kindred Corps) Drill and Duties. 1915. continued..... PRISONERS. Methods of effecting apprehensions. 1. In apprehending a person, and making him or her a prisoner, no more violence is to be used than is absolutely necessary for the safe custody of the prisoner. The usual plan is to seize and keep hold of the arm until ther prisoner is in the station, to prevent the possibility of escape. When a prisoner is once in custody he is not to be released except by the direction of a Magistrate, or on the responsibility of an officer in charge of a police station. If a prisoner resists, the constable is bound to struggle with and overpower him, but he is to be careful not to injure him unnecessarily. 2. If necessary, the constable will blow his whistle for assistance. If the constable is likely to be overpowered he may draw his truncheon, and use it, taking care to avoid striking anyone on the head. To disbale a prisoner, the legs and arms should be aimed at, as parts of the frame least likely to suffer serious injury. But these extreme measures are not to be resorted to except in extreme cases where all other attempts have failed, and a prisoner is likely to escape through the constable being ill-used and overpowered. 3. prisoners, except females and old and infirm persons, who are very violent, or who are charged with very serious offences, are, if necessary, to be handcuffed. Handcuffs must be kept in good working order, and care should be taken not ot pinch the prisoner's wrists in putting them on. Whenever it is necessary to convey to the station persons drunk or disorderly, and who are unable or refuse to walk, the practice known as the "Frog's March" is not to be adopted except in cases of absolute necessity, when a special report of the circumstances is to be submitted the following day. The ambulance kept at the nearest station is to be sent for, and the person required to be conveyed is to be firmly strapped thereon. Treatment. 4. If a prisoners are insensible, from drink or any other cause, or appear to be ill, or injured in any way, although they do not complain, the Police Surgeon is to be sent for immediately. Questioning Suspected Persons. 5. If an officer has made up his mind to arrest a suspected person, he has no right to question him on the subject of the charge about to be preferred. Searching. 6. Any prisoner may be searched if it be suspected that he has upon his person any deadly weapon, or any article which has been stolen or unlawfully obtained. FIRES. 1. It is impossible to lay down any precise rule as to the special manner in which the police who first arrive at a fire may be most usefully employed; but the great and principal object to be attained is the saving of life which may be in danger through the fire, and to effect this objective the constable is to give immediate alarm by blowing his whistle and arousing the inmates and neighbours. 2. The next steps to be taken are to give or send notice of the fire to the nearest Fire Escape and Fire Brigade Stations, to the Turncocks, and to the Police Station. 3. Until the arrival of the firemen, the police are to exert themselves in every possible way for the rescue of persons in danger; he removal of property, conformably with the wishes of the proprietors FALSE ALARMS OF FIRE. Any person knowingly giving or causing to be given a false alarm of fire to the Fire Brigade is liable to a penalty of £20. CHARGES. 1. When prisoners are brought to a Police Station, and charged with any offence, the statements of persons charging, or witnesses and of the police, are to be made to the officer on duty in the presence and heaing of the prisoners 2. If there be more than one police witness in a case, each constable is to make his statement out of the hewaring of the other, whenever it is so desired by the person charged. 3. A statement made by a prisoner when charged at the station is to be accuratley written down at the time by the officer on duty, and reported to the Magistrate who hears the case. RIOT ACT. THE PROCLAMATION. (Silence having been commanded) - "Or Sovereign Lord the King chargeth and commandeth all persons being assembled, immediately to disperse themselves, and peaceably to depart to their habitation, or their lawful business, upon the pains cntained in the Act, made in the first year of King George, for preventing tumult and riotous assemblies". "God save the King". ( The proclamation is read aloud, in the presence of the rioters, by a Justice of the Peace, the Mayor, or Sheriff). CONFERENCE POINTS. Conference poiunts are arranged by the responsible officers, and in most cases frequently changed. The police shoulsd be most careful to attend such points at the time appointed, and if not met by the other constable, or constables, report the matter in the usual way. NIGHT-TIME. Night time in Game Act is between the expiration of the first hour after sunset and the commencement of the last hour before sunrise; in Larceny Act between 9 o'clock at night and 6 o'clock in the morning. (to be continued...)

This is a continuance of the extractions from 'Special Constables' (And Kindred Corps) Drill & Duties' , Published 1915, By Philip S Clay (Late Chief Consyable of Nottingham). This section, following a lenghty explanation of drilling which I am not reporting on, is simply headed 'Duties' :- DUTIES. OBSERVATIONS. It is quite impossible in a manual of this character, which is intended for general use, to do more than indicate in a very restricted manner what a constable's duties are. Each locality has its own responsibilities and methods. To the "Special" under these circumstances the shortest and probably the best advice is - do as you are told. The "Special" will, however, in all probability want to know something of the why and wherefore, and to that end I have written and compiled the following, most of which is from my own "Police Instructions", already published. The first thing that I would impress upon a "Special" is the absolute necessity of being physically fit to perform the duties he has undertaken to carry out. By this I do not mean fit in a general sense, but fit at the moment he parades for duty. In writing this I have in my mind several cases where exposure necessitated by the duties required of the "Specials" have led, during the last winter, 1914-15, to very grave consequences. In some cases I feel practically certain the results would have been less serious, and possibly obviated altogether, if more care had been taken in ther important matter of being fit. Away back in the years that have gone it was an understood thing that every man on night duty, no matter what rest he had had earlier in the day, should have a couple of hours rest (and sleep if possible), not in an armchair, nor a sofa, but right in bed, and as quiet as may be, before going on duty at 10 p.m. I hardly think that all the "Specials" who have so readily given their services during this last winter have quite grasped the necessity of rest, etc., before reporting themselves for night duty. Warm under and outer clothing and strong boots are very necessary to enable anyone to withstand the rigours of a bitter winter's night, particularly when the beat is in exposed and draughty places. Few men, however strong, can follow their ordinary profession or occupation during the day and be physically fit to do special police duty during the night without special rest and preparation. One must also remeber that the work naturally allotted to "Specials", such as guarding water-works, gas-works, and important public buildings, is very monotonous and tiring. INSTRUCTIONS. The police is established for the preservation of rights, order, cleanliness, health, &c. : for the enforcement of the laws, and prevention of crime. It must be clearly understood that it is the duty of the police to prevent the commission of any unawful act if possible. Briefly, the following is the history of the police in this country :- The present system of Borough Police was established in 1835, and the County Police four years afterwards. The Metropolitan Police, however, was established by Sir Robert Peel in 1829. Previous to the above periods, constables were appointed in towns and villages to set a nightly watch from sunset to sunrise. In Anglo-Saxon and Norman times, the Sheriff was the chief officer responsible fro the preservation of the peace. THE SPECIAL CONSTABLES ORDER, 1914, provides that a Special Constable :- Is appointed for the preservation of the public peace, and for the protection of the inhabitants and the security of property. That he shall have all the powers, privileges, and duties which any duly appointed constable has within his constablewick. That he shall in the execution of his duty, act under the control and direction of the Chief of Police. That he may, with the consent of the Chief of Police, resign his office. That the Chief of Police (or other recognised authority) may determine his services, or suspend or dismiss him. GRATUITIES PAYABLE IN CASES OF DEATH. Orders in Council, under the Special Constables Orders, were published in last night's Gazette (May 29, 1915), directing that if any special constable dies from any illness contracted in the execution of his duty the police authority may grant gratuities to his widow and children at the same rates as are payable in the case of police constables, who have completed not more than five years' service and are drawing pay at the rate of 5s. per day. One of the Orders applies to Scotland. KIT. A "Special" is supplied with a truncheon, whistle, armlet, note-book, and badge. In some instances a cape also is provided. (The Town of Leicester suplies its "Specials" with a cape each). ADDRESS. He must give immediate notice of any change of address, and when away from his residence should leave such particulars as would enable him to be found at once if specially required. OFFENCES. When a person commits an offence there are two methods of procedure : one is arrest, and the other to poceed by means of a warrant or summons. BEATS. A particular portion of his section, termed as a beat, is committed to his care; he is held responsible for the security of life and property therein during his tour of duty, and for the preservation of peace and general good order. In working his beat during the night he shall try all doors, windows, gratings, and all places through which a thief might enter, and ascertain by every means in his power that property is secure. It is absolutely necessary that he should make himself thoroughly acquainted with all parts of his beat. He should mark places likely to be attempted by thieves; he should frequently examine the marks, and if he finds them disturbed, should ascertain the cause. He should endeavour to obtain a good knowledge of the persons residing on his beat, and their manner of living and general character. The beat will be worked according to instructions given. He should not quit his beat without being reieved except under very special circumstances. If his duty compels him to be absent from his beat, he should, if possible, inform the nearest constable, so that it may not be wholly unprotected; he must also report the cause of his being called away. When obliged to leave his beat through illness, he should go or send to the nearest police station. If at any time in want of assistance he should blow his whistle, or call upon any person to assist him. If unable to arrest a prisoner alone, he may call upon a bystander, "In the King's Name," to assist him, and if the person so called upon refuse, without lawful excuse, to render assistance, such person is liable to punishment. CLOTHING AND ACCOUTREMENTS. He must keep his clothing and accoutrements clean and in good order, and if he should happen to lose or have any of them injured, he must report the particulars to a superior officer as soon as practicable. EVIDENCE. He must give his evidence with the strictest accuracy. If notes are made of the particulars of a case, they should be made at the time if possible, if not, immediately after; the original notes should be carefully kept and produced in the witness box if necessary. Notes must be carefully and correctly written, and if they contain statements, or conversations, the actual words must be written down. He must be careful to state all he knows upon this first occasion, as any addition to evidence given in the first instance may cause doubts to be raised as to the accuracy of his whole staement. At the same time, if he really forgets to state anything that is materail to the case, he must immediately on remembering it communicate the particualrs to his Superintendant or Inspector, who will advise him on the matter. He must never allow feeling of any kind to influence his conduct of a case; but should bring the plain unvarnished facts before the Magistrate, on whom rests the responsibility of deciding the case. When giving evidence he must stand upright, respectful in manner, speak calmly and explicitly in a clear, distinct, and audible tone, so that he may be easily heard. When cross-examined by counsel for the prisoner, he is to answer with the same readiness and civility as when giving evidence in support of the charge. He must not enter into conversation, or make statements when before a magistrate, upon any matters except such as the charge under investigation makes it his duty to mention. If the police give improper or unsatisfactory evidence, or any remarks are made, respecting the evidence of the police, by a Judge, Magistrate or Jury, the officer in charge of the court will report through his Superintendant full particualrs to the Chief Constable. Any peson requiring a constable to give evidence on his behalf must make an application in writing to the Chief constable. WARRANT CARD. He must invariably have his warrant card in his possession when on duty, and produce the same when necessary. A warrant card is only to be used or shown in matters connected with Police duty. OBSTRUCTION. He will see that there are no obstructions to vehicular or other traffic on his beat, and will report anything he may observe likely to produce danger, inconvenience, injury to health, etc. ACCIDENTS. In the case of accident to persons, or collisions between vehicles, he must obtain the names and addresses of the parties, as well as of those who may have been witensses thereto, and report the same. In all cases of accident or illness in the streets, he is to render all assistance in his power by sending for medical aid, in the loosening the necktie and collar, raising the head, by which breathing is made easier. Where necessary he should send to the nearst police station for the ambulance or stretcher, to remove the sufferer to the nerarest hospital, unless there be some special reason for taking him elsewhere. WARRANTS. Warrants may be executed at any time of the night or day. They may also be executed on Sunday if for treason, felony, or breach of the peace; but a warrant to commit for non-payment of a penalty must not be executed on a Sunday. An arrest under a warrant is not lawful unless the officer have actual possession of the warrant at the time. The officer should read over the warrant, or show it, but is not to part with it. In order to execute a warrent to arrest, the officer may, if necessary, break open the door of the house of the peson to be arrested, or the door of any other person's house if the defendant be actually there. But in either case the officer should first demand admission, stating his office and object. Generally, doors are not to be broken open in cases other than treason, felony, and breach of the peace. Warrants may be granted on Sunday. POLICE ASSISTANCE. It is the duty of every police officer, whether he be on or off duty, to render assistance to all parties who may be in especial want of his aid. REMOVAL OF GOODS BY NIGHT. When the police notice the removal of goods by night, they should report the name of the proprietor, and number of his van. If they have reason to believe the removal is for the purpose of evading the payment of rent, the destination should also be noted. FOUND PROPERTY. Property found by the police or other persons should be reported at the nearest police station as soon as possible. (to be continued......)

This is another extract from "Special Constables' (And Kindred Corps) Drills and Duties", written and compiled by Philip S Clay (Late Chief Constable of Nottingham), in 1915. It is entitled "Observations". This section is fascinating, revealing the thinking and attitudes of a very senior (albeit recently retired) Police Officer, and, as such, a very important historical document in its own right. OBSERVATIONS. Although Special Constables are now for the first time in our history appointed in large numbers, and, during the war at any rate, with greater powers and wider responsibility than heretofore, it will be gathered from the foregoing that Special Constables have been appointed, and by some authorities pretty regularly, since the Special Constables Act of 1831. It is my firm opinion that out of the present emeregency a regular and most reliable body of Special Constables could be evolved and maintained at very trifling cost by the various important bodies concerned. During my many years as a Chief Constable I should have been delighted, and indeed relieved of many anxious hours, had I been able to have at hand anything like a corps of "Specials", such as are now in existence everywhere. This is not the place to go into the questions of organisation, a neat inexpensive uniform, possibly small out-of-pocket expenses, regular drills, parades, etc, ; but these things are well worth consideration, and are not difficult of accomplishment. 2. DRILL. The drill of the Special Constable is, so far as my experience goes, not elaborate. The simpler the drill the better, providing always that "Specials" are taught what is necessary. The drill in this little manual is adapted from the 1914 edition of "Infantry Training" and is therefore, to use a familiar expression, quite up-to-date. There is much excellent material in the War Office book, and I do not hesitate to commend it, not only to Special Constables, but to all persons who take an interest in the physical and mental development of our generation. "The object to be aimed at in the training of the infantry soldier is to make him, mentally and physically, a better man than his adversiary on the field of battle". After "infantry soldier" to individual, and for "on the field of battle" read, in the battle of life, and we have a reasonable military training, as applied to civil life, in a nutshell. "Infantry Training" goes on to say that the objects in view in developing a soldierly sprit are :- To help the soldier to bear fatigue, privation, and danger cheerfully; To Imbue him with a sense of honour; To give him confidence in his superiors and comrades; To increase his powers of initiative, of self-confidence, and self-restraint; To train him to obey orders, or to act in the absence of orders for the advantage of his regiment under all conditions; To produce a high degree of courage; To impress upon him that, so long as he is physically capable of doing his bit, to throw up the sponge would be disgraceful act. (This is a very free rendering of the original.) The above maxims may savour of the youthful copy-book, but they are fine for all that. We could enlarge upon the greatness and glory of the Empire, of which it is our privelige to be citizens. From ancient times to the present day, through all the tremendous difficulties and trials, the fact remains that we have held our own - and better - that we have not fought for selfish ends; that we have, as a people, as I honestly believe, been a true factor in the betterment of very many of the races who inhabit this wonderful world, of which we are no insignificant part. 3. LENGTH OF DRILLS &c. The drills for Special Constables should not, in my opinion, be unduly long. It must be remembered that most, if not all of the "Specials" are fully occupied during the day ( I am presuming that the drills take place in the evening), and are, therefore, not up to long and severe drills. Besides, long and heavy drills are not really necessary. Drill is good, very good, for everybody. For the Police, Special and Regular, it is of course essential. A man who has gone through the course of drill is a better man than he was before, and he knows it - he feels it. As one result, He looks the whole world in the face, For he fears not any man. 4. INSTRUCTORS. Instructors should be most carefully selected. They must be intelligent, energetic, smart in their bearing, and thoroughly well trained in the art of instruction. Instructions must be given in a clear, firm and concise manner. Nothing is lost by the Instructor giving fair and proper consideration to those who may be somewhat backward in matters appertaining to drill. 5. WORDS OF COMMAND. Every command must be distinctly pronounced, and sufficiently loud to be heard by all concerned. Care should, however, be taken not to overdo it. Every command that consists of one word must be preceded by a caution. The cautionary part of the command must be given deliberately and distinctly; the last part, which as a rule consists of one word or syllable, shorter and sharper. As the last sound of the order leaves the lips of the Instructor or Officer the whole, whether five men or fifty, will act as one man, promptly and smartly. NOTE, - I am not changing the term "soldier" but am allowing it to stand as in the original, leaving it to the Instructor to substitute "police", "special police", "civil guard", "constable", etc., according to circumstances. I am including some portions of drill that really only apply to the army, my reason for doing so is that the information is useful to all. The same remark applies to references to sword, rifle, bayonet, etc. (End of Extract).

Special Constables' (And Kindred Corps) Driils and Duties 1915... continued.... STATUTORY RULES AND ORDERS, 1914. No. 1375. CONSTABLE, ENGLAND. The Special Constables Order, 1914. At the Court of Buckingham Palace, 9th day of September 1914. Present, The King Most Excellent Majesty in Council. Whereas by the Special Constables Act, 1914, power is conffered on His Majesty to make regulations with respect to the appointmet and position of Special Constables appointed during the present war under the Special Constables Act, 1831, or under section one hundred and ninety-six of the Municipal Corporations Act, 1882, and be those regulation to make such provisions as are in the said Act mentioned. Now, therefore, His Majesty is pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows :- 1. The power to nominate and appoint Special Constables under the Special Constables Act, 1831, may, during the present war, be exercised although a tumult, riot, or felony has not taken place or is not immediately apprehended. 2. Any Special Constable so appointed shall be appointed for the preservation of the public peace, and for the protection of the inhabitants, and the security of property in the police area for which, or for any part of which, the justices making the appointment act. 3. The declaration to be made by a Special Constable shall be made in the following form :- I of do solemnly and sincerely declare and affirm that I will well and truly serve Our Sovereign Lord the King in the office of Special Constable, without favour or affection, malice or ill-will; and that I will to the best of my power cause the peace to be kept and preserved, and prevent all offences against the persons and properties of His Majesty's subjects; and that while I continue to hold the said office I will to the best of my skill and knowledge discharge all the duties thereof faithfully according to law. 4. A Special constable shal lthroughout the police area for which he is appointed, also in any adjoining police area, have all the powers, privileges, and duties which any Constable duly appointed has within his constablewick by virtue of the common law or of any statute for the time being in force. 5. All Special Constables shall in the execution of their duty act under the direction and control of the chief officer of the police of the police area for which they are appointed, except that in exceptional circumstances they shall, if the Secretary of State so directs, act under the direction and control of such other authority as the Secretary of State may designate. 6. A Special Constable may, with the consent of the chief officer of police or other authority under whose direction and control he acts, resign his office, and the chief officer of police or other such authority may at his pleasure determine the service of, or suspend or dismiss any Special constable. 7. Any person who puts on the dress or accoutrements, or takes the name, designation, or character of a Special Constable for any unlawful purpose shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding ten pounds. 8. Any expenses incurred in respect of Special Constables may, if the police authority so directs, be paid out of the police fund. 9. If any Special Constable is incapacitated for the performance of his duty by infirmity of mind or body occasioned by an injury received in the execution of his duty without his own default, or if he dies from the effect of any injury received in the execution of his duty without his own default, the police authority may grant him or his widow and children a pension or pensions and allowances at the same rates as under the Police Act, 1890, are payable in the case of police constables who have completed not more than five years' service, and all such pensions and allowances shall be paid out of the police fund. 10. For the purposes of the Order the expression "police area" means one of the areas set forth in the first column to the schedule hereto, and the expressions "police authority", "chief officer of police", and "police fund" mean, as respects each police area the authority, officer, and fund respectfully mentioned opposite the area in the second columns of that schedule. 11. Subject to the provisions of this Order the Special Constables Act, 1831, as amended by any subsequent enactment, or as the case may require, section one hundred and ninety-six of the Muunicipal Corporations Act, 1882, shall apply to the Special Constables appointed under those enactments respectively. 12. The order shall apply as regards Special Constables appointed since the commencement of the present war whether before or after the date of the making of this Order, and the appointments of Special Constables made before that date are hereby confirmed; but nothing therein contained shall be contstrued as requiring Special Constables appointend before that date to make a new declaration under this Order. 13. This Order may be cited as the Special Constables Order, 1914. Almeric FitzRoy.

I have recently been reviewing another interesting little book entitled 'Special Constables' (And Kindred Corps) Drill and Duties' written by Philip Stephens Clay and published in 1915 by Moore & Co., Castle Boulevard, Nottingham. Mr Clay was the Chief Constable of Nottingham City Police. The book sold for ninepence and, although very small, contains a wealth of historical information. It is not my intention to reproduce every section here, but to copy those parts that I feel should be preserved. The sections on drill, for instance, are probaly of limited interest to readers. I have, however, reproduced below the contents page which helps to place in perspective those sections that I intend to share. CONTENTS. Title Page Page 1 Preface Page 2 INSERT. Metropolitan Police. Instructions for Guidance of Special Constables. Special Constables Order Page 3 Areas and Authorities Page 7 Observations Page 8 Squad Drill Page 12 Resume Page 41 Officers Page 43 Definitions Page 44 Section and Platoon Drill Page 46 Company Drill Page 54 Duties Page 66 The first section comes from the Metropolitan Police insert :- (Copy) METROPOLITAN POLICE. INSTRUCTIONS AND GUIDANCE FOR SPECIAL CONSTABLES. 1. When the necessity for the employment of Special Constables arises, a "Duty Notice" will be forwarded, either by post or other rapid means, requiring them to attend at the place named thereon. 2. On the receipt of the notice, it is expected that each Special Constable will attend punctually at the Police Station indicated, for attestation and for detailed instructions as to the duties they will be required to perform. If for any reason he cannot attend, an explanation should be sent to the Station from which the "Duty Notice" was received. 3. It is necessary that any person who has been enrolled as a Special Constable should immediately notify any change of address at the Station at which he is enrolled, so that the "Duty" or other notice may reach him without delay. If, in consequence of a change of address from one district to another in the Metropolis, a Special Constable desires to have his name enrolled at a more convenient Police Staion, this can be arranged when he gives notice of his change of address. 4. Each Specail Constable will be provided after attestation with a warrant card, armlet, truncheon, and whistle. 5. The warrant card is his authority to act, and should be carried at all times when on duty. 6. The armlet is the visible badge of office and will be worn on the left upper arm only when actually on duty. 7. The truncheon is the only authorised weapon, and no description of firearm, stick, or other weapon is to be carried, except under special authorisation. The regular Police find it most convenient to carry the truncheon in the trousers pocket, as it is out of view and readily available when required. The display of a truncheon might be deemed provocative and therefore it is advisable not to display it. 8. The warrant card, armlet, truncheon and whistle are to be returned to the Police Authorities upon the termination of the duty for which the Special Constables were attested. Great care should be taken of these articles, and in the event of loss the fact is to be immediately reported. 9. Every Constable is called upon by the common law to do all that in him lies for the preservation of the peace and the prevention of felony, and each has the authority to command all other subjects of the King to assist him in that undertaking. 10. In cases of breaches of the peace committed within his view, he should immediately interfere (first giving notice of his office), and if the offenders do not at once desist, he should endeavour to take them into custody and to restore order. In the case of actual riot, he will only interfere in aid of the regular Police; if , however, none of the latter are present and serious injury to persons and property is likely to result, immediate action may be taken. In such circumstances, however, he should endeavour without delay to secure assistance of the regular Police by sending to the nearst Police Station or Reserve. In cases of felony he should act immediately and endeavour to arrest the offender or offenders and convey them to the nearest Police Station. 11. Each Special Constable has the same powers, authority, advantages and immunity, and is liable to be called on to perform the same duties and to accept the same responsibilitiy as a Police Constable; he may arrest anyone assaulting or opposing him in the execution of his duty. If a Special Constable receives an injury in the execution of duty, the facts are to be immediately reported. 12. If a Special Constable is called upon to act, he must do so with energy, promptness and determination; if he wavers or doubts the person may escape. He should, however, remember that a conciliatory demeanour often smooths away difficulties and that many cases may, by means of an exchange of names and addresses between the person concerned with a view to process, be more satisfactorily dealt with than by resort to the extreme action of arrest. 13. He should report to his Sergeant and Sub-inspector and have his pocket book initialled by them, when he has made a note of any incident on duty, at the time of his relinquishing his duty. In the event of an incident resulting in Police Court proceedings the Sub-Inspector will give directions when he is to attend there and report himself to the Sub-inspector on duty at the Court. 14. As it is of the first importance that the continuity of protection duty should be assured and that no interval occur during relief, a Token will be held by the Special Constable on his duty and passed on by him to the Special Constable relieving him on the post, whether such relief is temporary or permanent. Under no circumstances whatever may the token leave the post. 15. A Special Constable guilty of misconduct may be suspended from duty, and if so suspended, shall forwith give up his warrant card, truncheon, armlet, and whistle to the Police Officer suspending him. 16. Special Constables called out for duty are recommended to carry some food in their pockets. 17. Orders will be issued from time to time to every Metropolitan Police Station, but before being permitted to peruse them Special Constables will be required to produce their warrant cards to the officer in charge. 18. Every Special Constable is expected to make himself acquainted with the foregoing instructions. (signed) E. W. D. Ward, Col., Chief Staff Officer, Special Constabulary, New Scotland Yard. 6th August 1914. (approved) E. R. Henry, The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis

Another interesting Bye-Law from the city.. How things have changed. CITY OF BRADFORD. PUBLIC HEALTH ACT, 1925. Bye-Laws made by the Lord Mayor Alderman and Citizens of the City of Bradford acting by the Council AS TO PERSONS WAITING TO ENTER PUBLIC VEHICLES. 1. When six or more persons are waiting in any street in the City of Bradford to enter any public vehicle at any stopping-place or terminus they shall form and keep a queue or line and a person shall not take or endeavour to take any position in such queue or line otherwise than behind the persons alrerady forming same or enter or endeavour to enter any such vehicle before any other person desiring to enter the same vehicle and having taken up his postion in such queue or line before such first mentioned person. 2. A person waiting in any street in the city of Bradford to enter any public vehicle shall not (a) Unreasonably obstruct or interfere with the passage of any person or traffic using the street; (b) Wilfully interfere with or impede any person alighting from the vehicle or intending to enter the same; © Mount or attempt to mount the vehicle otherwise than by the doors or openings provided for that purpose; (d) Mount ot attempt to mount the vehicle whilst it is in motion; or (e) Wilfully obstruct or impede any conductor, driver or servant of the owner of the licensee of the vehicle acting in the performance of his duty upon or in connection with the vehicle. The provisions in the foregoing paragraphs © (d) and (e) shall not apply to tramway cars trackless trolley vehicles or omnibuses of the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Citizens of the City of Bradford. 3. Every person who shall offend against any of the foregoing bye-laws shall be liable for every such offence a penalty of forty shillings Provided nevertheless that the the justices or court before whom any complaint may be made or any proceedings may be taken in respct of any such offence if they think fit adjudge the payment as a penality of any sum less than the full amount of ther penality imposed by this bye-law. THE COMMON SEAL of the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Citizens of the City of Bradford was hereunto affixed this 4th day of March, 1927, in th presence of RICHARD JOHNSON, Lord Mayor. JOHN G GUNTER, Deputy Town Clerk.

'Constabulary Code' 'City of Bradford' contunued... SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS. For The Guidance of THE OFFICERS AND CONSTABLES OF THE DETECTIVE DEPARTMENT. Police Correspondence. 1. No Officer will be permitted to correspond either by letter or telegram with any other Police Force or person upon Police Business, without the sanction of the Inspector in charge, except in cases of urgent necessity where time is of vital importance, and all such exceptional caes must be reported with the least possible dealy. Inormation to the Press. 2. To prevent premature and injurious publication of matters connected with duty, it must be distinctly understood that, while it is desirable to aid the Press in every reasonable way, no oifficer shall be allowed at any time to supply information to the reporters without the express sanction of the Chief Officer in charge, who will never withold from them any communication that may safely be made public. Any deviation from this Rule will be treated as a direct disobedience of orders. Original Documents. 3. No original documents or telegrams to be taken out of the Office without the permission of the Chief Detective Inspector or the Inspector in charge, but extract memoranda should be made from them in the pocket-book of the Officer whom they may concern as a guide to him upon any future inquiry on the same subject. Incautious talking. 4. Officers are to bear in mind that it is very necessary that extreme care should be taken not to mention to persons unconnected with the Force anything concerning the duties of the Police, and it is expected that Officers on all occasions will render each other every assistance in their power in whatever cases they may be engaged. Mutual support on Duty matters. 5. It is only by every member working harmoniously and failry together that the delicate and responsible duties entrusted to the Detective Staff can be efficiently carried out, and no petty jealousy, unworthy selfishness, or private animosity ought for a moment to be allowed to hamper the free intercourse and proper feeling that should prevail throughout the Department in all matters connected with the public service. Private interviews. 6. Every facility must be afforded to persons desirous of conferring with individual Officers privately, and no other Officer will be allowed to interrogate or in any way interfere with such persons. Should the interview be on Police business the general nature of the same must be reported, either verbally or otherwise, to the Chief Detective Inspector, or in his absence the Inspector in charge, as soon as practicable. Interference with Prisoners. 7. No Officer or Constable will be permitted at any time to speak to or in any way interfere with a prisoner either while at the Detective Office or at the Police Courts, except with the concurrence of the Chief Detective Inspector and the Officer in charge of the case. Previous Convictions. 8. All Officers having prisoners committed for trial are to inform the prosecuting Solicitor of any previous convictions that may be known against such prisoners or which may come to their knowledge after the commitment. Warrants. 9. All Warrants obtained from the Magistrates must be taken at once to the Warrant Office for registration, where they will be filed until actually required for execution. Night Charge Office. 10. The Superior Officer in charge on night duty is authorised to open letters marked "immediate" and all telegrams received during his tour of duty. In cases requiring prompt attention he should send for the nearest available Inspector or Sergeant, but in any very serious matter he must at once despatch information to the Chief Detective Inspector and, if necessary, to the Chief Constable or Deputy Chief Constable. In the event of any difficulty arising he should send for and consult an Officer of superior rank. He will will be held responasible that no drinking, smoking, or improper conduct is permitted in the Office. Information of serious robberies during the night must be sent at once to the Superintendents or Inspector in charge of the Division. Letters, etc., to be copied. 11. All letters and telegrams must be copied before being despatched and submtted to the Chief Constable at the earliest opportunity. Retiring from duty. 12. All Officers and Constables must parade punctually at the appointed hour, and must make out their duty reports before retiring from duty stating fully how they have been engaged during their tour of duty. Any Officer employed on the outskirts of the City may report himself "going off duty" at the nearest Police Station, if for any special reason, and request the Inspector on duty to telephone to this Office for orders before retiring, stating in his report the following morning why he so retired.

Yes Mervyn I have found the books to be a great help. Cheers Kevin

'Constabulary Code' City of Bradford' continued.... DETECTIVE DEPARTMENT. The Chief Detective Inspector will be held responsible to the Chief Constable for the following :- 1. The discipline, efficiency, and government of the whole of the Detective Department. 2. To inspect all reports and correspondence of every description and also the results of the inquiries made by the several Detectives in such cases, the same to be submitted to the Chief Constable. 3. To act as Chief Inspector under the Explosives and Petroleum Acts. 4. To officiate at the City Court as the Chief Constable may direct from time to time. 5. To supervise all the correspondence in connection with the working of the Department in all its branches. DETECTIVE INSPECTOR. The above Officer will be held responsible for the whole of the government of the Detective Department in the absence of the Chief Detective Inspector, and in the event of his absence the Officer next in rank will take charge of the Department. CLERICAL STAFF. All the Books of the Department are to be kept by the Detective Clerks, who will also take reports, write out statements of Witnesses, etc., circulate descriptions of persons wanted, property stolen, and attend generally to the telephones: also prepare Summons Sheets for the City Court, which are to be in readiness by 9-45 a.m. prompt. DETECTIVE SERGEANTS. To generally instruct the men under his charge with reference to cases which may be given to them to investigate. GENERAL ADVICE TO DETECTIVES. Every Detective Officer should act with the greatest energy and tact, and strenuously endeavour to avoid all censure, etc., and also endeavour to work in harmony with his fellow Officers, as success is largely dependent on unity of work in this branch of the Police. All information, whether private or otherwise, gained by inquiry must be immediately reported to the Superior Officer on duty, unless it is absolutely necessary to take immediate action in the matter. It is impossible to formulate any fixed code with regard to the duties of a Detective Officer, but the following hints may be of material assistance to the Officers concerned. Detectives should at all times be careful in their inquiries not to endanger unnecessarily the repute of a person whose conduct may be the subject of their investigation. In consequence of being so immediately in contact with crime for the purpose of tracing its various intricacies, Detectives should be men of vast experience, tact, judgement, sterling fidelity, untiring energy, and of indomitable will. They should exercise great acuteness and foresight in preparing their cases in order that no link may be wanting in the detection and investigation of crime. As they not only deal with property but also ther character of persons, who might by indiscreet inquiries be unfairly predjudiced, Detective Officers should show great discretionary powers in their conversation and conduct at all times. Successful Detective work will not allow of any hasty conclusions to be drawn as to the perpetrator of any crime, and they must guard against any tendency to construe circumastances in order that they may coincide with any pre-conceived theory which in their opinion may lead to the discovery of the criminal. Solid facts should be carefully studied before forming any theories on the matter. Detective Officers are more especially responsible for the carrying out of the Statutory Provisions relating to Supervisees and Licence Holders. In the performance of this duty it should be borne in mind that every assistance should be given to those who may give evidence of being disposed to live an orderly and honest life. These persons should not be unnecessarily interfered with, but should be made to feel that they will be protected by the Police as long as they continue to live a respectable and honest life.

Hello Mervyn, I remember the cutlasses being displayed on the staircase of the Bradford City Police Headquarters building (near to the Chief Constable's Office) prior to the Force disapperaring in 1974. Your question on population is extremely pertinent. The following will give you some idea as to why poor old Bradford found itself reeling in the 19th century :- 1801 13,264 1811 16,012 1821 26,309 1831 43,527 1841 66,715 1851 103,778 1864 118,098 1871 147,101 1881 183,032 1891 216,495 With the coming of the Industrial Revolution the township went from being an extremely pleasant semi rural community to a huge filthy city suffering from a multitude of complex social problems. Many important national social changes (some extremely positive, and others destructive) grew out of Bradford which was a power house of radical thinking. When one reflects on the profound changes affecting the city (mirrored, of course, throughout the industrial north) sense can be made of the unrest seen during that period. I am looking at several areas of interest and will endeavour to share any findings here over a period of time and hopefully generate a sharing of knowledge. Kevin quote name='Mervyn Mitton' timestamp='1286358552' post='424592'] Kevin - the account of the strike made very interesting reading and one quickly realises that even in the UK the difference between law and order and chaos - is a very thin blue line. This has always been so - I have advocated massed shotguns for years (!) Usually the old reports are dealing with London or, other major centres - this was different being for a County town. What would the population have been at that time ? When I was in the Met. we used to have to go to special training days - they taught what would happen in serious trouble. I always remember that it would take only 3 atom bombs to wipe out London and that the estimate between food shortages and rioting was 2 to 3 days. I witnessed this in Bournemouth (of all places) in the 70's. We had heavy snow for several days and supplies couldn't get through - by the third day crowds were trying to break into shops and were fighting amongst themselves. I was particularly interested in mention of Bradford buying redundant navy cutlasses. I have never heard of this for any Force and rather doubt if it is correct - although as we explored once before - the Bradford Watch Committee seemed to be a law unto itself ! Are any still in your local museums ? Mervyn

'Constabulary Code' 'City of Bradford' continued..... PRISONERS. DRUNKEN PRISONERS. - On the apprehension and detention of druken persons, great care must be taken that no accident or hurt befall them. When put in the Cells their scarves, collars etc., must be loosened and their heads moderately raised so as to promote free respiration and a healthy use of their vital organs. Every care should also be taken that they cannot fall during their sleep, but to lay them as low as possible and as near sober prisoners as convenient. Constant visitation to be made by the Superintendent and other Officers in charge, each visit and by whom made to be recorded in the Visiting Book provided for that purpose, the remark column to be filled up whether all correct and well or otherwise, after weach visit. No Officer or Matron will take charge of prisoners until he or she has examined them in the presence of the Officer or Matron going off duty, and seen that they are properly secured, after which they will be responsible. Any neglect of this important duty will be reported to the Watch Committee. SICK PRISONERS. - When prisoners are sick, the Doctor must be called immediately. DOCTOR'S ATTENDANCE ON DRUNKEN PRISONERS. - Prisoners afflicted with apoplexy, sometimes being taken for drunken persons, it is very necessary that all persons apprehended for being drunk should be very carefully examined by the Officer apprehending, also by the Superintendent or other Officer in charge, before being locked up, so as to prevent any mistake being made. If the slightest doubt exists as to the person's state, the Doctor must be called immediately. VISITS TO PRISONERS. - No persons are to be allowed to see prisoners without the permission of a Magistrate or the Chief Constable, or in his absence the permission of the Superintendent or other Officer in charge of the Police Station, and then only in the presence of a Constable. SOLICITORS &c, - In cases of felony, or other cases where a prisoner is defended, Solicitors or their clerks (after obtaining permission) may see a prisoner privately, unless specially ordered otherwise. VIOLENT PRISONERS, - In cases where the prisoners are violent and quarrelsome, such restraint must only be used as is compatible with the safe keeping of the person confined and the protection of Officers and other persons. CAUTION. - No Officer in charge (save in company with the Matron) should enter the Cells of female prisoners, nor should he permit any Constable to do so. LUNATICS. - Lunatics brought to the Stations must never be left without some person in charge of them. If for the convenience of private persons they must be charged with the cost of watching. PRISONER'S MEALS. - Prisoners in custody to have their meals served at 8 a.m., 1 p.m., and 6 p.m., which will be provided by the Curator. No meals to be admitted to prisoners from their friends without the permission of the Chief Constable or in his absence the Officer in charge. EXERCISE. - Prisoners to be allowed exercise in the corridors every day except cases where orders to the contrary have been given by the Chief Constable or Officer in charge.

'Constabulary Code' City of Bradford' continued.... FIRES. No precise rule can be laid down as to the actions of the Plice in the event of a fire, but the chief idea of a Constable or other Police Officer on his arrival at the scene of a fire should be that of saving life, and it is therefore necessary that immediate alarm should be given and every endeavour made to arouse the inmates. The Fire Brigade should be notified immedialtey and upon the arrival of the Brigade the Police should devote their whole energies in the saving of life and property. The streets and premises surrounding the fire should be cleared in order that the arrival of the engines may not be unecessarily dealyed, and on no account are any Police Officers of whatever rank to issue orders to any of the Fire Brigade, who are responsible to their own Officers only with regard to their course of action at a fire. In many cases much loss is sustained through unnecessary removal of furnaiture from houses in close proximity to the fire, and special care should be excercised in this matter, and no furniture should be removed from house unless in the opinion of the Brigade the premises are in danger through the fire spreading to the same. If desired, valuable property may be removed to the nearest Police Station, until the owners concerned are able to place the same in other quarters. The Police must use great discretion as to whom they allow to enter the premises on fire, as at times improper persons attempt to gain admittance, whose sole object is to plunder and not to assist in saving life or property. In the crowds which collect consequent upon a fire it is only to be expected that pickpockets will be in evidence, and it therefore necessary that the Police should give special attention to this matter and endeavour to frustrate as far as possible the nefarious practices of this class. The superior Officer in command of the Police at a fire must obtain as far as practicable all information relative to the fire, such as cause, damage, owners of property, etc., and also to state time the Police were employed, by whom the Brigade was called, and the nature of the duties actually performed by the Police, and as soon as possible a copy Report is to be forwarded the the Chief Officer of the Fire Brigade. Every Police Constable must become acquainted with the various Fire Call Boxes, and Inspectors and Sergeants should ascertain from time to time whether men under their command are coversant with the position of the Fire Boxes and with the mode of sending the alarm of fire to the Central Fire Brigade Station.

'Constabulary Code' City of Bradford' continued..... SUPERINTENDENTS The Superintendents of each Divsion will be held responsible for its discipline and that the Chief Constable's orders and regulations are strictly complied with. They will also make themselves thoroughly acquainted with the Inspectors and Sergeants, and through them the character of every Constable in the Division, and they will be firm but just, but at the same time kind and considerate in their behaviour towards them on all occasions. They will give all instructions to the Officers and Men under them, and any case of neglect must be reported to the Chief Constable without delay. They must take care to avoid any just cause of complaint being made by the inhabitants of the neighbourhood with regard to any nuisances or irregulartity at the Divisional Stations or Out-District Stations. If a complaint be made to them against any member of their Division, they will report the matter at once to the Chief Constable, and if the nature of the complaint be serious the member may be suspended until further instructions are received from the Chief Constable. INSPECTORS. Inspectors are to reside within their respective Divisions and as near as it is possible to the Station at which they parade. They must obey promptly and strictly all orders in the execution of their duty and the same obedience will be expected and enforced by them from the Sergeants and Constables under their command. They must be able to instruct the Sergeants and Constables on all matters relating to their duty and will use firm but considerate language towards them. They will be held responsible for the carrying out by their subordinates of all orders issued to them by the Superior Officers. The Inspectors will be held responsible for the good order and discipline of the Sergeants and Constables under their command, and will, by constant intercourse with them, make themselves thoroughly acquainted with the character and abilities of each man. All cases of neglect of duty are to be immediately reported to the Superintendent of the Division. The Inspectors on duty will parade at their respective Stations at the appointed hour and will parade the Police, also inspect them and see that every man is clean and fit in all respects to turn out for duty. Orders, etc., must be read out clearly and distinctly so that each man may hear and understand them before turning out from Parade. Inspectors on Patrol duty are to see as much of their Division as possible, and whenever practicable they must see every part of their Division at least once during their tour of duty. Inspectors on duty at Police Stations will be held responsible for the good order at the same. Inspectors are on no account to traffic or have any money transactions with any of their subordinates in rank. SERGEANTS AND ACTING SERGEANTS. Sergeants will be held responsible for the general conduct and good order of the Constables under their charge, and will report every case of misconduct on the part of a Constable to their Inspector or Superintendent at the earliest opportunity. They will not make themselves too familiar with Constables but instruct them in the duties they have to perform, and to conduct themselves at all times in such a manner as to command respect from those over whom they may be placed. Sergeants and Acting-Sergeants will parade at their respective Station 15 minutes earlier than the Inspectors in order to ascertain that every man who is to parade is in a fit state to turn out for duty, and any case to the contrary they are to report to their Inspectors. They will form the Constables up for parade in readiness for inspection by the Inspector or Superintendent, and all absentees are to be reported and the cause of same ascertained. They will post the Constables on their several beats, and to read the Orders etc., aloud to the men unless this duty is performed by the Inspector or Acting-Inspector. They will march to the Section in which they are doing duty with the Constables and see that each patrols his beat and knows the ground. They will constantly patrol their Section and enforce the performance of duty by the Constables. When Constables are found absent from thier beats the Sergeants or Acting-Sergeants must report the case and take immediate steps to replace the man or cover the beat as quickly as possible. If any felony occur or disturbance of a serious nature they must send for asuch assistance as may be necessary. They must not enter any Licensed House except in the actual execution of their duty, but they may give any constable on their section permission to obtain any necessary refreshment at a Licensed House without entering it, but full particulars must be stated. They must give particular attention to all houses licensed for the sale of Intoxicating Liquor and be prepared to sate if required whether the same are well conducted or otherwise. They will be expected to have a thorough knowledge of all Police Regulations and Orders and to aid in the execution of the same. At Stations where both Sergeants and Acting-Sergeants are on duty the Sergeants are in all cases to take charge of Stations in the absence of the Inspectors, and the Acting-Sergeants are to patrol in charge of Sections. Sergeants and Acting-Sergeants are not to traffic or have any money transactions of any kind with any of the Constables. CONSTABLES. A Constable must obey all orders of his superior officers. He must be civil and respectful in his manner towards the public and endeavour to give clear answers and directions to all questions which may be put to him. He is to report to his Sergeant or Inspector the first opportunity he may have, particulars of any accident or occurence which has come under his notice during his tour of duty. When a Constable is called upon to act, he must do so with energy, alacrity, and determination. When called upon to take a person into custody he must be guided in a great measure by the circumstances of the case, and if he has any doubt in the matter his best course is to request all persons concerned to accompany him to the Police Station, and there let the Inspector or other superior Officer on duty determine whether such person shall be apprehended and locked up.

'Costabulary Code' 'City of Bradford' continued.... Staff at Headquarters. CHARGE OFFICE. The Chief Officer in charge of this department will be held responsible to the Superintendent for the following duties :- 1. To make out Charge Sheets for the Chief Constable, the Justices and their Clerk, which must be in readiness by 9-45 a.m. prompt, and the same to be numbered consecutively. 2. To enter all property of every description in the several books set apart for that purpose, as follows :- (a) Prisoner's personal property : To see that all property is duly signed for before delivering up the same: in the case of prisoners' property, either the prisoner himself must sign, or the signature obtained from the Warder to whom the prisoner is eventually consigned at H.M. Prison at Leeds. (b) Stolen property : Stolen property to be signed for by the Prosecutor or Prosecutrix as the case may be, unless an order to the contrary is made by the Justices. © Found property. Found property to be signed for by the owner of same upon satisfactory evidence being given as a proof of ownership. 3. To keep an account and a weekly return of lost and stray Dogs, also the number destroyed and kept in the Shelter, the same to be submitted to the Chief Constable every Friday no later than 3-0 p.m. 4. To keep a list of Council Circulars served by the Police. 5. To enter in rough Report Books a brief account of Occurences (sudden deaths, fires, etc.), which may be reported at the Office during the day, either verbally or in writing, by a Police Officer or Civilian. 6. To supervise his assistants in the performance of the following duties :- (a) Indexing prisoners. (b) Preparing previous convictions for Court cases. © Keeping of the Victualling Book. (d) Entering of the Prisoners Gaol Receipt Book. (e) Destruction of Dogs. (f) Supervision of Prisoners. (g) Booking of Warehouse, etc. Keys. (h) To enter in the rough Charge Books all Apprehensions and persons summoned, for which he will be resposible to the Chief Clerk as to correctness, and the same will be checked by that Officer every month. N.B. - The Officer in charge of the Charge Office will be held responsible for the despatching of the Prisoners to H.M. Prison, Armley, Leeds, and must personally superintend same at all times. (to be continued..)

Another ancient and interesting document from the 'Constabulary Code' 'City of Bradford' listing the duties to be performed by individual members of the Force. LIST OF DUTIES. To be performed in the several Departments by the HEADQUARTERS STAFF. CHIEF CLERK. 1. To forward in writing all orders from the Chief Constable, which he may issue from time to time, to the several Divisions. 2. To supply all specimens of Books and Forms etc., required by printers, etc., and to examine all proofs of same. 3. To make out the Government Returns, also the Returns supplied to H.M. Inspector of Constabulary. 4. To answer all correspondence as the Chief Constable may direct. 5. To keep a record of Lincencees of all Alehouses, Beerhouse and Off Licence holders, also a record of misconduct on the part of such Lincencees, together with results of the proceedings before the Justices, as the case demands. 6. To register all transfer of Licences from one person to another, in cases relating to premises licensed for the sale of any Intoxicating Liquors. 7. To keep an account of all moneys received by the Police and to see that the same is banked every week to the City and Pension Funds respectively, and that such accounts are duly entered in the books supplied for that specific purpose. 8. To issue all Pawnbrokers', Game Dealers', Pedlars' and Hawkers' Lincenses when required, and to keep a summary of such issues and payments for same in the books supplied for that object. 9. To see that the Assistant Clerk daily enters all occurences reported during the preceding day, and also that a summary of Apprehensions and Summonses during the week is prepared in the Chief Constable's Report Book together with other matters as the Chief Constable may direct. 10. To keep a detailed account of all Disbursements in connection with the Police, and submit a monthly statement of the same to the City Treasurer. 11. To examine and compare at various periods at his discretion the several books kept in the Charge Office. WARRANT DEPARTMENT. The Chief Warrant Officer will be held responsible to the Superintendent for the following duties :- 1. To attend the City court and administer the various Oaths to the Officers and Witnesses, and keep a record of the decisions of the Justices both in cases of Apprehensions and Summonses. 2. To supervise the execution of Warrants, Summonses, and Commitments, also the collection of Court Fees, Reformatory and Industrial School Payments, and School Board Fines. 3. To see that records of the foregoing are duly entered by the clerical staff in the several books supplied for that purpose, and also direct such correspondence as may be required in connection with same. (to be contuinued...)

Another interesting document recently came my way from an old friend. It relates to potential recruits to the City of Bradford Police and dates from around the late forties. The Chief Constable at the time of issue was HS Price who served as CC of Bradford from July 1940 until his retirement in November 1957. Form No. 147. CITY OF BRADFORD POLICE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS FOR THE GUIDANCE OF PROSPECTIVE CANDIDATES FOR THE CITY OF BRADFORD POLICE FORCE AND INDICATES THE QUALIFICATIONS WHICH WILL BE REQUIRED. Part 1. CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT 1. NATIONALITY Must be British-born and of British parents. 2. AGE. Should be under 26 years of age. (in exceptional cases older men - providing they are under 30 years of age - will be considered) 3. HEIGHT. Not less than 5ft. 9 1/2ins. in height. Men slightly below this height will be considered if they possess special qualifications for service in the Police. 4. CHARACTER. Every candidate must, in due course, produce satisfactory references as to his character. An applicant who has served in any branch of His Majesty's Naval, Military or Air Force, or in the Civil Service, or in any Police Force must produce satisfactory proof of his good conduct while in such Force or Service. A person dismissed frrom any such Force or Service shall not be elligible for appointment. 5. EDUCATIONAL STANDARD. A candidate must satisfy the Chief Constable that he is sufficiently educated. Every candidate must pass an examination in dictation, arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and simple problems based on these principles), reading aloud, and general knowledge. 6. MEDICAL EXAMINATION. Every applicant must be certified by the Police Surgeon to be in good health, of sound constitution, and fitted both physically and mentally to perform the duties of his office. Teeth must be in good condition, but artificial dentures are not in themselves a disqualification. 7. DISQUALIFICATIONS. No person shall be elligible for appointment to, or shall be retained in, a police force if :- (a) He engages directly or indirectly in any trade, office or employment for hire or gain. (b) He or his wife or any member of his family living with him holds any interest in any licence under the Liquor Licensing Lawsor public entertainment. © His wife, without the consent of the Chief Constable, keeps any shop or carries on any similar business in the Police District. 8. ATTENDANCE FOR EXAMINATION. Arrangements will be made for a candidate to attend at the Bradford Police Offices for the educational examination or at a Police Station within the district in which he resides if approved by the Chief Constable of Bradford. A candidate must attrend when called upon at the Bradford Police Offices for medical examination as to his fitness for the Police Service. PART 2. CONDITIONS OF SERVICE 9. PAY, etc. A man appointed as a constable receives 105/- per week during his two-year probationery period. After two years from appointment a Constable will recive an increment of 3/- per weekl per year until he reaches the wage of 132/- weelky. He can subsequently earn two long-service increments, each of 4/- per week, thus bringing his maximum wage up to 140/- per week. There is also a rent allowance. In addition, a man who is in lodgings and who is unable to find accommodation in the City for his wife and family may receive an extra allowance of 25/- per week. Boots and uniform are provided free. 10. LEAVE. Constables are allowed a weekly rest day and annual holidays with pay. 11. HOURS OF DUTY. The normal period of duty for a Constable is 8 hours per day including time for meal. In general the tours of duty are divided into three periods - morning, afternoon and night duties. 12. PROMOTION. Promotion can be gained the highest ranks of the Police Service. 13. DUTIES. The duties in the Police Service are interesting and varied. The Force provides great opportunities for service in the public interest with attractive pay and pension. There are many special branches calling for the exercise of skill and knowledge, e.g., motor enigeering, radio, clerical, criminal investigation and traffic control. PART 3. GENERAL. 14. SPORTING ACTIVITIES. Almost every form of indoor and outdoor sports and games is provided for in the this Force. The City of Bradford Police Force has representaive teams for cricket, football, swimming, golf, shooting, billiards, hockey, tennis, table tennis, bowls and all other forms of athletics. If a candidate possesses special qualifications in any form of sport full particulars shoulds be supplied with his application. 15. SOCIAL ACTIVITIES. The Force has a Military Band, Dance Band and Vocal Union and other social amenities. 16. APPLICATIONS. All applications, which should give particulars of age, height (in bare feet), and weight, should be addressed to the Chief Constable, City Police Headquarters, Town Hall, Bradford, and the envelope should be marked "Police Candidate". H.S. PRICE, Chief Constable.

Manningham Mills Strike 1891 (continuation) The extracts from 'Bradford Police' by Gordon Smith are concluded here. The differences in reporting on the severity of the distrubances between the account given in the history of Bradford Police and the Times articles are interesting. "... At this, Hayden Saunders, a radical from Rotherham, and William Byles, a local printer, went to the Town Hall and invited the police to arrest them and to test in court the claim that the Mayor was within his rights in banning the holding of the meeting in Town Hall Square. In the Bradford Oberver account, an intruing picture of the police at bay is drawn. The report speaks of constables taking their ease, jammed tightly in the parade room whilst Superintendent Paul led the men in hymn singing. No doubt the forerunners of the highly successful Bradford Police choirs which were to come in the twentieth century! Sunders then left the Town Hall, declaring his intention to hold a meeting in Town Hall Square. Chief Constable Withers sent Superintendent Paul after Saunders with orders to arrest him if he tried to hold a meeting. Superintendent Paul was delayed diplomatically or otherwise, with the result that Saunders had tried to hold his meeting before Paul reached the scene. A police constable on the spot arrersted Saunders and brought him to the charge office. Now the authorities were in a dilemma. They did not wish to test their right to ban public meetings in court (This was before the days of Duncan versus Jones). (Footnote :- Duncan- v- Jones (1936) 1K.b. 218; 99J.P 399. This famous case in 1936 confirmed that it was the duty of the police to prevent an apprehended breach of the peace, and accordingly to prohibit and prevent any meeting which would likely result in a distrubance if held) Accordingly, the charge was investigated by the Chief Constable and refused. However, to add a tough ofcomedy, Saunders then refused to leave the charge office, saying, " I have been arrested and here I will stay until until I appear in court to put this matter to the test". The Chief Constable, apparently not wishing to aggravate the situation or create further incidents, did not have Saunders treated as a trespasser but allowed him to remain. He was not allowed to eat a supper sent in from the Talbot Hotel, the Chief Constable saying with some heat that no one was allowed to take refreshments in the charge office without his permission. Saunders stayed there all night and as he was not charged, next morning at court asked for a summons for assault against the constable who had arrested him. Mr Skidmore, the stipendiary magistrate, granted the summons but the newspaper account gives the impression that the stipeniary was a little amused by the whole proceeding. However, matters took a more serious turn during the afternoon of Monday, the 13th April. Since a large proportion of the police force had been on duty for 16 hours the previous day, as many as possible had been stood-down in the afternoon. However, as the day wore on it was clear that another trial of strength was inevitable. The Chief Constable with about 60 men tried unsuccessfully to clear Town Hall Square, although Detective Officer Martindale on a high-spirited horse did very good work, one reporter writing that the hooves of his mount cleared more ground than all the rest of the police together. Wisely, the Chief Constable withdrew his men inside the Town Hall whilst he telegraphed the out-stations to have all availalble men sent into the Town Hall. Later, with an increased force and four men mounted on horses, the Chief Constable again attempted to clear Town Hall Square. The crowd pelted the police with stones, dead mice and other rubbish. Some of them brought gloom to the scene by extinguishing all the street gas lamps within their reach. Detective Officer Martindale was injured with a flying stone and knocked off his horse. His horse was pushed on to the ground and also injured. A request was sent to the Bradford Moor Barracks and 160 men of the Durham Light Infantry marched to the Town Hall under the command of Major Woodlands. By 9.20 p.m. all was ready. The Mayor in his capacity as a magistrate read the prescribed proclamation from the Riot Act outside the Town Hall door and by the New Inn. The Chief Constable held the lantern to enable the Mayor to see the words, as by this time all the street lamps except those immediately adjacent to the Town Hall had been extinguished. The Durham Light Infantry, carrying their rifles at the ready, then started to clear the streets, pushing the crowds back up the main streets away from the Town Hall whilst policemen staioned at each side entrance prevented the mob sneaking round and getting behind the military. To the credit of the military there was no shooting on their part and possibly because of this there was very little stone throwing by the mob. By 11.0 p.m. all was quiet. In all, ten persons were arrested for various offences arising out of this riot, mainly for assaulting police and stone throwing. A first-aid post had been set up in the Town Hall and a number of police officers, including the Chief Constable, along with some civilian bystanders who had been struck by wildly thrown missiles. The next day, Tuesday, the 14th April, crowds of curious bystanders gathered ealy in Town Hall Square, apparently expecting another battle royal. The Chief Constable withdrew his forces, leaving the Square empty of police. The only Corporation employees to be seen were employees of the Team Labour Committee busily engaged in loading the carts and transporting away the rubble from certain raod-works in the vicinity, (in effect, depleting the mob's ammunition supply). The authorities had laid there plans well. A call had gone out to the 200 special constables, sworn in some two months before, to parade at the Town Hall at 6.0 p.m. Despite the short notice, over 60 men paraded. They were issued with their own badges and asked to stay in reserve at the Borough Court room. At the same time 250 men of the Durham Light Infantry arrived and all available police were present. The Town Hall has probably never been packed tighter. Eventually, at about 8.0 p.m., it was necessary once more to read the Riot Act just as the mob began throwing stones at the Town Hall windows. Benefiting from the experience gained the previous day, the streets were cleared in double quick time and although the troops and the specials were left in reserve until 10.0 p.pm., at that time they were stood-down and that task of keeping the peace left with the police. Only for persons were arrested on this occasion. Next day the summons against the police constable for assaulting Saunders was heard and despite very learned arguments, the Stipendiary dismissed the summons, holding that the arrest was lawful to prevent a breach of the peace. This decision, plus a firm show of stength by the authorities, appeared to have made the mob realise that there was no profit in fighting the authorities. Of the persons arrested, those charged with assaulting the police were dealt with very firmly, the majority being sent to prison, the others being treated quite gently and consequently the mob had no ready-made martyrs to add fuel to the dispute..........". (end of extract)

More on the Manningham Mill Strike of 1891. Further to the earlier copies of The Times coverage, I have revisited Gordon Smith's excellent history of Bradford City Police (1974) (Bradford City Police) and offer below extracts which help to put the scale of the disturbances into context and add to what is known of the police response. The images below show Bradford Town Hall and the area immediately in front of the main entrance which was Town Hall Square. The Town Hall housed not only the administration for the town but also the headquarters of the police and magistrates courts. "......These cutlasses were purchased as ex-navy stock in 1848 and 1874, being kept in racks at the police sations....The last occasion they were worn other than for ceremonial purposes, was at the Manningham Mills strike of 1891. Just when the mounted section of the force was formed is somewhat doubtful. Although a contemporary report of the opening of the Town Hall in 1873 speaks of mounted policemen in ranks of four leading the procession, it is clear that at that time and for some decades afterwards there was no regular mounted force. In fact, if a regular mounted police section had been in being in 1891, it might have been possible to have avoided having 'reading the Riot Act' in Town Hall Square twice in one week. In 1891, trade being very bad, the American market being practically closed and as trade with the continent was very slack, the management of Lister's, Manningham Mills, sought to lower production costs by reducing the the prices paid to weavers for each yard of cloth. At this, the workers came out on strike. It was claimed that over 4,000 workpeople were on strike. The strike appears to have been orderly enough until a meeting was called on Sunday, the 12th April, which was to be addressed by a number of nationally well-known radicals and labour organisers. The meeting was to be held in St George's Hall. Before the meeting the organisers sought permission to hold an overflow meeting in 'Dockers Square' (later called Town Hall Square). The Mayor and the chairman of the Watch Committee informed the organisers, when they were approached regarding the meeting, that they did not consider 'Dockers Square' to be a suitable place to hold this meeting because of the close proximity of a place of worship and the tram-car routes which passed through the Square. The organisers, who appear to have been looking for an incident to create unrest, chose to take this advice as an attack on the right of free speech. The Mayor's Watch Committee took the rejection of this advice as an attempt to undermine the authority of the Corporation and, thereby, a threat to the town's peace. From this moment on, a head-on collision seemed to have been inevitable. On Sunday, the 12th April, 150 constables paraded at the Town Hall at 2.0 pm. The were instructed that no violence was to be used and one was to be struck. The meeting was held in St Georg'e Hall. As an act of defiance and in defence of their claim to free speech and assembly, the organisers attempted tried to hold an overflow meeting in Town Hall Square, using a form as a rostrum. Superintendent Paul and a contingent of constables marched out of the Town Hall and kicked over the form and the speakers were told that the meeting could not be held there but could be held in Peckover Walk...." (to be continued)

I recently received an original copy of the General Order issued for HM Coronation (from an old friend who took part) and have replicated it below. It is an important document for a variety of reasons. CITY OF BRADFORD POLICE CHIEF CONSTABLE'S OFFICE TOWN HALL 22 May 1953. G.O. 6-53 GENERAL ORDER CORONATION, 1953. A detachment of members of this force, who have already been detailed, will perform duty in London in connection with the Coronation of H.M. the Queen on the 2nd June 1953. The uniformed members of the party will wear best day uniform, as follows :- Open neck serge jacket Serge trousers Helmets (Sergeant and Constables) Boots Capes (rolled) (Sergeants and Constables) White cotton gloves Medals Cape straps, a pair of white cotton gloves and two distinctive luggage labels will be issued on application to the Storekeeper, to each person concerned. A small First Aid kit will be supplied to each Sergeant. It is desirable that the kit carried shall be kept to a minimum, but if it is desired, civilian clothes may be taken. Cases, however, must be clearly labelled on the outside with a duplicate label inside, bearing the rank, number and name, together with the Force of the oficer concerned. The cases should be capable of being locked, as there will be no facilities for the safe custody of valuables or personal property. The following personal equipment must be taken :- Knife, fork and spoon (Sergeants and Constables) Toilet equipment Towel and soap Shaving kit and mirror Cleaning equipment N.I. medical card Coat hanger The equipment may be deposited at the Town Hall during Saturday, 30th May, 1953, and the Superintendent "A" Division will arrange for its safe custody. The detachment will travel by rail, leaving Exchange Station at 9.45 a.m. and will, therefore, be required to parade at the Town Hall at 9.0 a.m. Sunday, 31st May, 1953. Arrangements have been made for two special buses to collect those members of the detachment who wish to be picked up at the following points, the vehicles being at the first point on Route No. 1 at 8.15 a.m. and on Route No. 2 at 8.5 a.m. Route No. 1 Legrams Lane - Horton Grange Road Legrams Lane - Beckside Road Clayton Road - Hollingwood Lane St Enoch's Road - Southfield Lane Manchester Road - Smiddles Lane Odsal Top Bierley Church Wakefield Road - Rooley Lane and then to the Town Hall. Route No. 2 Four Lane Ends Police Station, 2 Duckworth Lane Manningham Lane - Oak Lane Swaine House Road - King's Road Harrogate Road - New Line Harrogate Road - Ravenscliffe Avenue Harrogate Road - Killinghall Road Killinghall Road - leeds Old Road and then to the Town Hall. The vehicles will not wait at the picking up points. The reserves, PCs. 17, 190, 230, 390, 392 and 421, will parade with the detachment. During the stay in London the male members of the detachment will be billeted at the Royal Artillery Depot, Woolwich Barracks, London S.E.18 and will be transported there by special 'buses which will meet the train on arrival at King's Cross at 3.0 p.m. Arrangements have been made for a packed meal to be supplied for the outward journey, and the Metropolitan Police will suplly sandwiches for the return journey. No charge will be made to individuals for accommoidation or main meals, but other refreshments, including those obtained whilst on duty on the 2nd June must be paid for by individual officers, and the appropriate allowances under Regulation 36 of the police Regulations may be claimed. Refreshments will be available during the period of duty on Coronation Day at the Canteen at the Aliens Registration Office, Piccadilly Place. The detachment has been divided into two groups which have been posted for duty as follows :- Sub-Sector 16-A, Serial No. 843 - Haymarket, East side - from Shaver's Place (exclusive) to Orange Street (inclusive), the duty being to keep the line and preserve order. Chief Inspector 20 G.W. Brooks. Sgt. 12 Smith P.C. 130 Tarves " " 140 Dann " " 157 Horne " " 210 Bower " " 226 Lee " " 300 Driver " " 366 Unwin " " 389 Evans Sgt. 18 Ainslow P.C. 55 Holdsworth " " 68 Tinnion " " 71 Hyland " " 106 Horner " " 112 Robinson " " 192 Marshall " " 296 Byram " " 346 Regan Sgt. 37 Scaife P.C. 9 Helliwell " " 161 Burke " " 174 Barraclough " " 233 Jenkins " " 269 Buck " " 282 Hey " " 318 Dale " " 351 Bogg Sector 16, Reserve, Serial No. 861, A.R.O., Piccadilly Place. Inspector 14 J. Frayne. Sgt. 35 Walker P.C. 15 Pritchard " " 19 Randall " " 26 Lavender " " 27 Yorke " " 41 Wallace " " 48 Grayston " " 84 Mallinson " " 87 Arnold " " 243 Leek " " 289 Margerison " " 292 Rimmington " " 303 Archer Sgt. 43 Poole P.C. 57 Young " " 99 Mawbey " " 100 Briars " " 107 Porter " " 113 Hardaker " " 176 Peel " " 186 Wilkinson " " 200 Marshall " " 218 Coddington " " 219 Withers " " 251 Whitham " " 291 Corcocan " " 342 Stott On Coronation Day all the foregoing personnel will be conveyed in special 'buses which will arrive at Woolwich Barrcks at 2.45 a.m. and depart at 3.0 a.m. The 'buses will set down at Whitcomb Street, and will be numbered 27 to 37. On the return journey, the 'buses will assemble at the picking up point at Long Acre at 4.30 p.m., to which the personnel must make their way as soon as they are dismissed. The C.I.D. officers, for whom separate instructions will be issued, will be conveyed in 'bus No. 26 at the same time as the foregoing, and will be set down in Parliament Square and picked up for the return journey from Victoria Embankment, east of Hungerford Bridge at 3.30 p.m. A detachment of provincial Women Police (including the member from this Force, P.W. 2 Bornand) has been posted to Sub-Sector 5-B, Serial 213, Victoria Embankment, west side, from Bartle Fere Statue to Gates of North Extension, New Scotland Yard (exclusive). They will be conveyed in 'bus No. 160 which will arrive at Peto House at 3.10 a.m. and depart at 3.15 a.m. to set down at New Scotland Yard. Refreshments will be obtained at Cannon Row police Station. H. S. PRICE, Chief Constable