speedytop

Hi Demir, this is very difficult! One must be a lawyer, to understand it complete. I'm not a lawyer! There are different protected areas, for example: - Patentschutz > patent protection - Gebrauchsmusterschutz > utility model - Geschmacksmusterschutz > "aesthetic model" - Markenschutz > Trade Mark TM - Copyright The best known term for this era is DRGM or D.R.G.M. (Deutsches Reichs-Gebrauchs-Muster). You can find it e.g. on sports badges. But it is not correct, because it is not a protected "Gebrauchsmuster", it is a protected "Geschmacksmuster". On early sports badges we can find first "Ges. Geschützt 33918", next "M. Sch. No 33918" (M. Sch. = Musterschutz) and later "D.R.G.M. 33918" After reading several German and English articles I think and believe, that "Ges. Gesch." had been used not only for patents, but also for utility models, aesthetic models and Trade Marks. Always for "completed" protection rights. When we take this link, Post 23: http://gmic.co.uk/in...nk/page__st__20 we can see a utility model protection (needle) and an aesthetic model protection (badge). You questions: A: I think since the end of the 19th century, as Gesetzlich Geschützt, Ges. Geschützt, Ges. Gesch. or in other way. B: For a patent and for Gebrauchsmuster you must ask the "Patentamt", for Geschmacksmuster you must search in in special Geschmacksmusterregistern. C: See the text before. D: I think, that they copied the badge and used normal marketable needles. E: Yes! Uwe

Hi, "My understanding is that it is "patent pending"" No, that is DRPa > Deutsches Reichspatent angemeldet > a patent that is yet not applied Ges. Gesch. means, that the patent is complete registered Uwe

Georg, when I write 1956, I mean 1956. The price list came with the original envelope, stamp date 18.1.57 > 18. January 1957. The German law with all the regulations and the allowance to wear decorations of the Third Reich, several of the decorations only in a denazified version (now called 1957er), is later, from 26. Juli 1957. This price list is definitely from 1956, and there had been offered all the decorations with the handwritten note "Originale wie verliehen!" > original pieces as awarded! It was a hint for the customers: Hi all, this is my last price list with all the pieces with swastika! I don't have the price list No. 8, but I have the price list No. 11 from 1963, and there is no longer offered a decoration with a swastika (officially!). Up to the law from 1957 only Souval had some denazified pieces, for example the Iron Cross without the swastika and no other sign, complete blank on the obverse. But many other dealers offered all the pieces with the swastika on the decorations, e.g. in 1952 Fahnen-Fleck, Erich Beinhorn, Die Ordenssammlung (Dr. Klietmann), Steinhauer & Lück, Rüstkammer Assmannshausen, Souval and others. Uwe

Ges. Gesch. is in my knowledge for patented items > protected by law It is a "reference to the existence of patent protection for the accordingly marked product" This special form of a needle is protected by law. Only the needle, and not the badge. Uwe

http://de.wikipedia....iki/Weißbinder Not so special, but in English: http://en.wikipedia....er_(profession) Uwe

Hi Georg, "Especially Steinhauer & Lück, Souval and also others produced many pieces post-war." - yes, but without swastikas." Once again, who told you that? This is a small part of a price list from Friedrich Sedlatzek from 1956 (price list No. 7 !!), where you could order all what you want, with swastikas. Uwe

Hi Georg, "... but in post-war years it was impossible" Who told you that? Especially Steinhauer & Lück, Souval and also others produced many pieces post-war. Uwe

Hi Steve, "... they ... were purchased by a veteran, on production of proof of winning the award, i.e. certificate/soldbuch" Everybody could/can produce such pieces, everybody could/can buy such pieces, without any legitimation. A legitimation was only necessary for the wear of the decorations. Uwe

Hi Kevin, the "Warschauschild" is a very special shield. Official regulations exist (RGBl 1945 I S.1), but it had never been awarded. There is no signed award document and no produced shield exist (maybe two specimen???). Based on the regulations of the German law from 1957 (Ordensgesetz) it was theoretically allowed, to wear the shield. No official picture of the shield was known, and therefore it had not been redesigned, no specimen had been made. In the early publications of the German Army (Bundeswehr) it was not included. And, like all the other allowed arm shields and cuff titles, it could never be worn by (Bundeswehr) soldiers, because it was not allowed, to wear the arm shields and the cuff titles in the original size on the uniform. It was only allowed on the ribbon bar (Bandschnalle) or the mini bar (kleine Ordensschnalle). Uwe

Hi, for example: http://en.wikipedia....i/Hans_Böhning http://www.theaerodr...any/bohning.php And try it in google with "Hans Böhning" Uwe

Hi Robin, Paul and Peter, "You can't change history." This is correct, but you could/can influence presence and future, in 1950 and in 2012. And to prevent a "re-set", it was done well from the Germans. You really want te "re-set" something like that what happened in these 12 years on abuse of power under this sign, the swastika? And that had not been "unfortunate" years, there were years of intolerance, violence, injustice and contempt for human life, tolerated by many (much to many) Germans! I'm sorry, but, as a German, I have my problems with such comments; it hurts me. And, by the way, the "Bandenkampfabzeichen" (Anti Partisan Badge) was a symbol for all that, because many (most?) of these badges had not been given for actions against partisans, but for murder actions against innocent people. To allow, that this Waffen-SS and Police badge might be worn, although denazified (as 1957 version), was a big mistake. Uwe PS: I beg your pardon for my insufficient English

Please see here: http://www.ehrenzeic...frontkreuz.html and here for the ribbon: https://www.weitze.n...18__178621.html The name on the document is: Ostfront-Kreuz Uwe

It probably looks better? Uwe

Hi, for me there it is nothing foreign on the bar. In my opinion it could be an early post war ribbon from a local (Schleswig-Holstein) veterans organization, important enough for him, to add it to the button. Uwe

This is the same picture with 31kB I use FastStone Image Viewer Uwe

GST, Pferdesport-Leistungsabzeichen (equestrian sport efficiency badge) in Bronze (1952 - 1960) 29mm x 31mm

Hi, "fixed on a silvered horizontal bar" Uwe

Hi, "... with no particular award criterion" "There still seems to be doubt as to whether they were shooting badges, or the just the Prince's own personal "vanity" award given to whoever he chose for any reason" The correct name is Prinz-Alfons-Erinnerungszeichen (not ...Erinnerungsabzeichen) There are no real doubts. They were given for shooting merits, for expertly hunting, fostering and care and for "patriotic merits". The document was free, but one had to pay the badge. Uwe

Hi JensF: both marches have the maximum of 32 km per day. (Nijmeegse Vierdaagse 50 km) The cross for Nijmegen is an official Belgium decoration. I don't think, that it is the same for these two marches (MESA and Ijzer). http://home.scarlet..../en/accueil.htm http://www.mil.be/vi...&ID=493&PAGE=60 Uwe

Silver and Gold medal for a sport event during the "FDJ Deutschlandtreffen Berlin 1954":

http://img.odkrywca....c01068_copy.jpg MAINSCHACK is the name of the man. But I don't know the abbreviation. Uwe

No, definitely not Bundeswehr! It looks more like a cap for a gatekeeper in a factory, or for the driver of the boss in the factory. Uwe

First championship of the GST (para military organization) in equestrian sport (horse and cart) in 1954, third place: Map

In recognition of his success as a team champion (youth) of the DDR 1956: