UNITED NATIONS MEDALS

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13.

UN Medals: UNEF II

UNITED NATIONS EMERGENCY FORCE II

Established in October 1973 to supervise the cease-fire between Egyptian and Israeli forces and, following the conclusion of the agreements of 18 January 1974 and 4 September 1975, to supervise the redeployment of Egyptian and Israeli forces and to control the buffer zones established under those agreements. The mandate for this Mission expired in July 1979 and the troops were withdrawn.

The ribbon bears a wide central band of a sand or buff colour symbolizing the Sinai Desert with two narrow dark blue lines through the middle, representing the Suez Canal. Two wide bars of UN blue appear at either end. Eligibility period was 90 days of service in the Mission.

The following countries provided troops to this Mission: Australia, Austria, Canada, Finland, Ghana, Indonesia, Ireland, Nepal, Panama, Peru, Poland, Senegal and Sweden.

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14.

UN Medals: MINURSO

UNITED NATIONS MISSION FOR THE REFERENDUM IN WESTERN SAHARA

(The acronym derives from French, Mission des nations unies pour le referendum dans le Sahara Occidental)

MINURSO was established in May1991, to enable the people of Western Sahara to choose freely between integration with Morocco or independence.

The medal has a very wide central band of a sandy brown colour, representing the Sahara Desert, with two narrow bands of UN blue at either end. Ninety days of qualifying time is required for the award.

To date, the countries of Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, the People?s Republic of China, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Honduras, India, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, Switzerland, Tunisia, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America Uruguay and Venezuela provided troops or observers to this Mission. At this point, MINURSO remains in a purely observation role. However, at some point, it may expand to accomplish its prime mandate, at which time, the numbers of troops and contributing countries may increase.

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15.

UN Medals: ONUC

UNITED NATIONS OPERATION IN THE CONGO

(the acronym derives from the French, Operation des Nations Units au Congo)

ONUC was established initially in July 1960 to ensure the withdrawal of Belgian forces, to assist the Government in maintaining law and order, and to provide technical assistance. The function of ONUC was subsequently modified to include maintaining the territorial integrity and the political independence of the Congo, preventing the occurrence of civil war, and securing the removal from the Congo of all foreign military, paramilitary and advisory personnel not under the United Nations Command, and all mercenaries. On completion of the mandate, the Mission was withdrawn in June 1964.

Originally, the medal awarded for service in the Congo was a UN blue and white ribbon with a bar indicating Congo service. In 1963 it was decided that a distinctive ribbon should be issued. The ribbon subsequently awarded carries a broad centre band of green, symbolic of hope which was thought to be appropriate for a young nation, and also to represent the Congo Basin. The centre band is flanked by two narrow white bands, representing the UN Mission and at either end are two bars of UN blue. To qualify for the medal three months of service in the Mission were required.

Countries providing troops to this Mission were: Argentina, Austria,Brazil, Canada, Congo, Denmark, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Liberia, Malaysia, Mali, Morocco, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, the Sudan, Sweden, Tunisia, the United Arab Republic and Yugoslavia.

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16.

UN Medals: ONUCA

UNITED NATIONS OBSERVER GROUP IN CENTRAL AMERICA

(The acronym derives from Spanish, Observadores de las Naciones Unidas en Centroamerica).

Established in December 1989 to conduct on-site verification of termination of aid to irregular forces and insurrectionist movements, and the non-use of the territory of one State for attacks on other States in the countries of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua.The Mission terminated in January 1992.

The medal ribbon contains five narrow green stripes to represent the five countries involved. These five green stripes are separated by four equal white stripes. The central group is flanked by two equal bands of sea blue to represent the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, flanked in turn by two broad bands of UN blue to represent the United Nations? presence in the area. Ninety days of service in the Mission are required to qualify for the medal.

The countries of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, India, Ireland, Spain, Sweden and Venezuela provided observers and troops to ONUCA. Venezuela provided a 700 man infantry battalion to supervise the demobilization, disarmament and resettlement of the Contra factions in Nicaragua, from May to July 1990.

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17.

UN Medals: ONUSAL

UNITED NATIONS OBSERVER MISSION IN EL SALVADOR

(Spanish acronym, Observadores de las Naciones Unidas en El Salvador)

This Mission was established on 20 May 1991 to monitor all agreements between the Government of El Salvador and Frente Farabundo Marti para la Liberacion Nacional (FMLN). This Mission was subsequently expanded in January 1992 to assume the verification of all aspects of the cease-fire and separation of forces and the agreement on the National Civil Police which saw ONUSAL monitoring the maintenance of public order during the transitional period while a new National Civil Police was set up. Upon completion of the task, the Mission was terminated in April 1995.

A medal was established in January 1992 for which 90 days of service is required for qualification. The medal has five equal bars, the centre being white, flanked by dark blue, and, at either end, by UN blue. The dark blue and white represent the national flag of El Salvador.

The countries of Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, India, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden and Venezuela contributed military observers to this Mission, with Austria, Spain, Mexico, Norway, France, Uruguay and the United States of America providing civilian police observers.

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18.

UN Medals: UNAVEM

UNITED NATIONS ANGOLA VERIFICATION MISSION

UNAVEM was established to verify the redeployment northward and the phased and total withdrawal of Cuban troops from the territory of the Peoples's Republic of Angola in accordance with the timetable agreed between the Parties. The Mission was established for a period of 31 months, with effect from January 1989. Qualifying time for the award of the UNAVEM medal is 90 days of service in the Mission.

The ribbon contains a central broad band of UN blue flanked by three equal stripes of black, white and red, with wide yellow bands at either end. The yellow, red and black are representative of the Angolan national flag, with the white representing the UN presence in the country. The countries of Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Congo, Czechoslovakia, India, Jordan, Norway, Spain and Yugoslavia provide Military Observers to this Mission. In May 1991, the mandate of this Mission was enlarged to include verification of the arrangements agreed to by the Angolan parties for the monitoring of the Angolan Police as set out in the Angola Peace Accords of May 1991. With the enlarged mandate, the countries of Canada, Egypt, Guinea Bissau, Hungary, Ireland, Malaysia, Morocco, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Senegal, Singapore, Sweden and Zimbabwe have also contributed Military Observers to the Mission. The medal and qualifying time remain the same.

Among the main features of UNAVEM III's mandate are the following: to provide Good Offices and mediation to the Angolan parties, to monitor and verify the extension of State administration throughout the country and the process of national reconciliation; to supervise, control and verify the disengagement of forces and to monitor the cease-fire; to assist in the establishment of quartering areas, to verify the withdrawal, quartering and demobilization of UNITA forces; to supervise the collection and storage of UNITA armaments; to coordinate, facilitate and support humanitarian activities directly linked to the peace process, as well as participating in mine-clearing activities; to declare formally that all essential requirements for the holding of the second round of the presidential election have been fulfilled, and to support, verify and monitor the electoral process. The medal and qualifying time remain the same. Upon completion of the task, the Mission was terminated in June 1997.

The countries of Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Bulgaria, Congo, Egypt, Fiji, France, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, India, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Korea, Malaysia, Mali, Namibia, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, the Russian Federation, Senegal, Spain, Sweden, Tanzania, Ukraine, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Zambia, and Zimbabwe provided troops, military observers and civilian police to this Mission.

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19.

UN Medals: UNFICYP

UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING FORCE IN CYPRUS

In the interest of international peace and security, the Mission was established in March 1964 to use its best efforts to prevent the recurrence of fighting between the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots and, as necessary, to contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law and order and a return to normal conditions. Since the hostilities of 1974, the mandate has included supervising the cease-fire and maintaining a buffer zone between the lines of the Cyprus National Guard and of the Turkish and Turkish Cypriot forces. The Mission continues to the present date.

The medal has three equal bars, one of white in the centre and two of UN blue at either end. The bars are separated by two narrow bands of dark blue symbolizing the Mediterranean Sea. Qualifying time for the medal is three months of service in the Mission.

The following countries have provided troops to this Mission: Austria, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, India, Ireland, the Kingdom of Netherlands, Slovenia, Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the following countries provide civilian policemen: Australia, Austria, Denmark, New Zealand and Sweden.

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20.

UN Medals: UNHQ

UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS

From time to time countries may provide, on a secondment basis, staff trained, military officers to serve in staff positions at United Nations Headquarters in New York to assist with the planning and implementation of new missions.

In these cases a medal featuring a solid UN blue ribbon may be awarded after 90 days of service.

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21.

UN Medals: UNIFIL

UNITED NATIONS INTERIM FORCE IN LEBANON

This Mission was established in March 1978 to confirm the withdrawal of Israeli forces from southern Lebanon, to restore international peace and security, and to assist the Government of Lebanon in ensuring the return of its effective authority in the area. The Mission continues to the present date.

The ribbon bears three equal bands of UN colour: blue, green and UN blue. The bands are separated by two equal sized white stripes, each bisected by a narrow red line. The colours represent the UN and Lebanese flags. The qualifying period of service to earn the medal is 90 days of service in the Mission.

The following countries have provided troops to this Mission: Canada, Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Nepal, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Poland, Senegal and Sweden. Those Military Observers from Fiji, Ghana, and Nepal assigned to UNIFIL as parent mission, and then detached for service with UNGOMAP, are also eligible, after 90 days of service, for the UNIFIL medal bearing a clasp indicating service with UNGOMAP.

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22.

UN Medals: UNIIMOG

UNITED NATIONS IRAN/IRAQ MILITARY OBSERVER GROUP

This Mission was established in August 1988 to verify, confirm and supervise the cease-fire and withdrawal of all forces to the internationally recognized boundaries agreed to between Iran and Iraq. The Mission ceased in February 1991.

The ribbon has a broad central band of UN blue flanked on the left end by three equal stripes in green, white and red to represent the Iranian flag, and on the right end, by three equal stripes of red, white and black to represent the Iraqi flag. Ninety days of service in the Mission were required to qualify for the medal.

Military observers from Argentina, Austria, Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ghana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Peru, Poland, Senegal, Sweden, Turkey, Uruguay, Yugoslavia and Zambia served in UNIIMOG.

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23.

UN Medals: UNMOGIP

UNITED NATIONS MILITARY OBSERVER FORCE IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN

UNMOGIP was established in January 1949 to supervise the cease-fire between India and Pakistan, in the State of Jammu and Kashmir. The Mission continues to present date.

The ribbon bears a wide central band in various shades of green to represent the Himalayan Range and the Kashmir Valley, flanked by narrow white stripes representing the snow-capped mountains. Two equal bars of UN blue appear at either end of the ribbon. Eligibility for the award of the medal is earned following six months of service in the the Mission.

The following countries have provided Military Observers to this Mission: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, Italy, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Uruguay, and the United States of America. Also eligible are Military Observers from the following countries who served in UNIPOM: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Burma, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Ethiopia, Italy, Ireland, Nepal, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Sri Lanka and Venezuela.

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24.

UN Medals: UNYOM

UNITED NATIONS YEMEN OBSERVER MISSION

Established in July 1963 to observe and certify the implementation of the disengagement agreement between Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Republic, this Mission ended its activities and was withdrawn in September 1964.

The centre of the ribbon is a wide bar filled with varying shades of brown indicating the dry and rugged mountainous mass in Yemen, while the lighter shades represent the desert. The centre is flanked by two stripes of UN blue. Sixty days of service were required to qualify for the award of the medal.

The following countries provided troops to this Mission: Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Ghana, India, Italy, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Sweden, the United States of America and Yugoslavia.

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