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    JBeltram

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      Civil War

      in United States of America

      Posted · Edited by JBeltram

      By the start of The Civil War very few actual slaves were still in bondage due to modern farming methods that made manual work too slow. A lot of slaves had actually been freed by there owners but stayed on the plantation for the work and shelter.

      Freed Slaves who made there way North were not particualy welcome though certain States notably Mass. did afforded them certain rights.

      Even Abraham Lincoln did not agree for former slaves to be totally assimilated into the white world.

      This is seen with the names that freed Slaves gave themselves at the end of the War as can been seen in the surnames of many African Americans now such as Washington, Jefferson but very few Lincolns !

      Following the end of the War Civil rights were kept from the black population in the Southern States by the use of what was called " The Jim Crow laws " by the use of these State laws which were backed up by the Supreme Court Blacks were indeed in Apartheid laws. Most notably the lack of voting rights. Georgia state in the 1950's required all Blacks to undertake an intelligence test in order to vote. In certain counties if a black voter passed these test they were then given a Latin quotation to translate. Funnily very few passed.

      It is Ironic that full civil rights were given to Black citizens under the Presidency of a Southern Lyndon B Johnson a Texan.

      Hello,

      To begin with the US Civil War was about how far the rights of the state should go and where does the power of the federal government end and begin. Lincoln was anti-slavery (was not on the ballot in 10 southern states in 1860), but he did not want to end slavery in 1860. Lincoln wanted to restrict slavery to new states coming into the union. Lincoln wanted to prevent another "bleeding Kansas". Keep in mind when the US Civil War began, border states that stayed in the union like Maryland and Kentucky could still retain their slaves. Even the Emacipation Proclamation did not free slaves in these border states (that came later on in the war). The Emancipation Proclamation only freed slaves in states that were in rebellion with the union and were occupied by federal troops. Once federal troops entered Confederate territory the Emancipation Proclamtion came into effect.

      Slavery was far from being on the decline at the start of the US Civil War. Even though shipping slaves from Afirca had ended by the early 1800's, slavery had increased in the South with the invention of the cotton gin (Ralph pointed that out). The cotton gin allowed more lint to be removed from the cotton, as a result cotton production increased and the need for more slaves to farm and harvest it. As a result, the South could sell more cotton to nations like Great Britain.

      By the late 1840's slave families were now being split up more and more. Slave marriages were not considered to be legal in the South, but Southern owners stilll allowed it, as the famous Ken Burns documentary put it, slaves wedding vows now had in them "till death or distance do you part". That shows how easy it was by the late 1850's to have the family unit broken up and sold. In states like Mississippi when the war began almost 7 out of 10 people belonged to someone else. So slavery (particularly in the cotton states) was far from being on the decline in the South at the start of the Civil War.

      After Lincoln's death on April 15, 1865, most free blacks and former slaves did hold Lincoln in high regard. Lincoln did not believe in giving them full rights but he did support given black males the right to vote (no women had the right to vote in the US and the 19th amedment was far off). When it came to picking last names, most African Americans picked known names like Jefferson and Washington. The reason Lincoln's name was not picked is simple. Lincoln was too current and most blacks felt too close to him to use his last name and which many felt they could not live up to it. Probably a reason why caucasions don't name their boys Jesus. In many of the black churches in the later 19th and early 20th century Lincoln's picture did hang in these churches and in many times shared the same wall with the Christian cross.

      Lyndon B. Johnson was a politician first and knew that the passing of the 1964 Civil Rights Act would help secure the black vote not only in the south but in the north where blacks for years had voted Republican. That part worked, for most blacks today are members of the Democratic party. I think in the last election one news poll said it was almost 89%. Keep in mind the Civil Right Act did not pass when JFK was president and the reason it passed in 1964, wasn't so much support of LBJ, but to pay homage to the dead president. Still many southerners and some Republicans like Barry Goldwater of Arizona did not vote for it.

      The 1964 Civil Rights Act did one other thing it helped change the political demographics of the US. In 1964, a majority of whites in the South voted Democrat. By 1968 the Republican party was getting a hold on white Southerners. Many of these dis-gruntled white Southerners helped to make up President Nixon's "silent majority" in the 68 and 72 elections. Now the South is the stronghold of the Republican party and the Eastern states are now a Democrat stronghold. There were exceptions like Carter and Clinton, but still the demogrpahics have changed. Look at George W. Bush a white Republican from Texas. Look at the red and blue states from the 2004 election. Demogrpahics like that would of been unheard of 40+ years ago.

      My family is a good example, they were Democrats and hailed from the South. My grandmother was as hard core Democrat as you could get. Things changed by 1964. Since then my family has voted Republican in every election beginning in 1968. The only exception was 1996 election (Clinton vs Dole) they were split on that.

      So the 1964 Civil Rights Act not only gave African Americans a better way of life it helped change the political back drop of this country. So the US Civil War had a long arm.

      Well I am done rambling.

      Regards,

      Jody

      0

      Police Long Service awards..

      in Germany: Third Reich: State, Civil, NSDAP Awards & Decorations

      Posted

      Most policemen in 1935 were ex-WW1 veterans who had "permanent civil service status" after 12+ years service (most already 18+ by then). In 1935 those with under 7 years of police service, who had entered during the 1920s directly from civil life, were transferred to the army or air force for whatever remained of their 12 years enlistments.

      I have been trying to fnd out for years now when--or if-- police long service awards were halted during WW2 (military ones ceased being processed in 1939 and were last handed out in 1940, civil service awards ceased 30 January 1943, et cetera).

      IF they were suspended in, say, 1943, only policemen who had joined in 1925+ would not have reached 18-- and those who joined 1928 on had all already been reassigned to the Wehrmacht. That leaves only those few years 1925-27 for entrants who earned an 8 but didn't reach an 18.

      Likewise, for all the various Nazi Party members who flooded the police from 1935 on to replace the mandatory transferees... they would only have been eligible for an 8 in 1943, and only earlier (as I suspect your 3 medal bar wearer was) if their SA or whatever service time was rolled over into Police after they switched to the public rather than Party payroll...

      so if awards had CEASED by then...

      absence of DATA is driving me?:speechless::speechless:

      Hi Rick,

      Very interesting and I think you are on to something. Rick would you please e-mail me at jodybeltram@cox.net I need to ask you something.

      Many thanks,

      Jody :)

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