China Libiao(Chinese marshal 1955~~1971)

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chinese Erwin Rommel

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chinese marshal uniform

[Alfred]

Who is this Chinese marshal on the picture ?

regards

Andreas

[Christophe]

Andreas,

As said in the title, he is Marshall Lin Biao, born 5 December 1907, appointed Marshall in 1955, dead on 13 September 1971.

Cheers.

Ch.

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The name is 林彪.Because of trying to assassinate Chairman Mao

,he fled in 1971

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Good friends

[Guest Rick Research]

Can you tell us about the Marshal's military career?

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Linbiao

Lin Biao or Lin Piao[both: lin byou] Pronunciation Key, 1908?71, Chinese Communist general and political leader. Lin was trained at Whampoa Academy, and during the Northern Expedition he rose to company commander in the Kuomintang army. After the Kuomintang-Communist split in 1927, he became one of Zhu De's leading military aides. His skill as a tactician earned him the command of a Red Army corps, and after the long march, he headed the Red Academy at Yan'an. In 1947?48 he commanded the Communist military offensive in the northeast against Chiang Kai-shek. Lin was appointed defense minister of the people's republic in 1959. In 1966 he displaced Liu Shaoqi as the second-ranking member of the Chinese Communist party, a position that made him Mao Zedong's heir apparent. A supporter of the Cultural Revolution (1966?76), Lin mysteriously died in an airplane crash in Mongolia (1971). His death, however, was not officially disclosed until 1972, when the Chinese press also reported on his alleged attempt to overthrow the government shortly before the crash.

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Lin Biao (December 5, 1907 - September 13 1971) was a Communist Party of China|Chinese Communist military and political leader, once known as Mao Zedong's comrade-in-arms and likely successor, but later discredited as a traitor. Revolutionary The son of a small landlord and a native of Wuhan, Hubei province, Lin joined the Socialist Youth League (1925) and matriculated at Whampoa Military Academy when he was 18. While at Whampoa he became the prot?g? of both Zhou Enlai and the Soviet Union|Soviet General Vasily Blyukher. Less than a year later, he was ordered to participate in the Northern Expedition, rising from deputy platoon leader to battalion commander in the National Revolutionary Army within a few months. Lin graduated from Whampoa in 1925 and by 1927 was a colonel. After the Chinese Civil War|KMT-CPC split, Lin escaped to the remote Communist base areas and joined Mao Zedong and Zhu De in Jiangxi in 1928. Lin proved to be a brilliant guerilla commander and during the 1934 breakout he commanded the First Corps of the People's Liberation Army|Red Army, which fought a two-year running battle with the Kuomintang, which culminated in the occupation of Yan'an in December 1936 (see Long March). As commander of the 115th Division of the Communist 8th Route Army, Lin orchestrated the Battle of Pingxingguan|ambush at Pinghsingkuan in September 1937, which was one of the few battlefield successes for the Chinese in WWII. Lin was seriously injured in 1938 and was given the post of commandant of the Communist Military Academy at Yan'an. He spent the next three years (1939-1942) in Moscow. After returning to Yan'an, Lin was involved in troop training and indoctrination assignments. With the resumption of Civil War after World War II, Lin was made Secretary of the Northeast China Bureau and commanded the Red Army forces that conquered the Manchurian provinces and then swept into North China. In achieving victory, he abandoned the cities and employed Mao's strategy of guerrilla warfare and winning peasant support in the countryside. Politician In 1950, Lin was one of the many prominent generals against Mao's plans for the Korean War. Despite Lin's opposition, however, the war still went on. Due to periods of ill health and physical rehabilitation in the Soviet Union|USSR, Lin was slow in his rise to power. In 1955 he was made a marshal. In 1958 he was named to the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China|Politburo Standing Committee, becoming one of the architects of the Cultural Revolution. He worked closely with Mao, creating a cult of personality for him. Lin compiled some of Chairman Mao's writings into handbook, the ''Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong'', which became known simply as "the Little Red Book." After the purging of Liu Shaoqi, on April 1, 1969, at the Communist Party of China National Congress|CCP's Ninth Congress, Lin Biao emerged with as primary military power and second in ranking behind Mao Zedong in the party. Even the party constitution was later modified to put Lin as Mao's special successor. As the Cultural Revolution spun out of control, the People's Liberation Army, under Lin's command, effectively took over the country from the party. Downfall Lin disappeared in 1971. The circumstances surrounding Lin's purported death remain clouded. Lin and his advisors planned a coup. Some historians believe Mao had become uncomfortable with Lin's power and had planned to purge him and Lin planned a pre-emptive coup. The Chinese government explanation was that Lin, with the help of his son Lin Liguo, had planned to assassinate Mao sometime between September 8 and September 10|10, 1971. Lin's own daughter, Lin Liheng (Doudou), exposed her father's plot. As his plans failed, Lin and his family (his wife Ye Qun and his sons) and several personal aides attempted to escape to the Soviet Union. Their plane is said to have crashed in Mongolia on September 13, 1971. Most of the high military command was purged within a few weeks of Lin's disappearance. The National Day celebrations on October 1, 1971 were cancelled. The news of Lin Biao was withheld for nearly a year. When it did break, the people felt betrayed by Mao's "best student." In the years after Lin's death, Jiang Qing, Mao's fourth wife and a former political ally of Lin's, started the Criticize Confucius, Criticize Lin Biao campaign, aimed at using Lin's scarred image to rid her own political enemies, notably Zhou Enlai. Like major proponents of the Cultural Revolution, Lin's image was manipulated after the movement. For many formal publications, negative aspects of the Cultural Revolution was blamed on Lin and the so-called Gang of Four. Lin was never politically rehabilitated. Quotation *"Study Chairman Mao's writings, follow his teachings and act according to his instructions."

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Lin Biao, the son of a landowner, was born in Wuhan, China, in 1908. At the age of 18 he joined the Socialist Youth League. He attended the Whampoa Military Academy where he met Zhou Enlai. In 1926 took part in the Northern Expedition to suppress the warlords who had ruled the countryside since the collapse of the monarchy in 1911.

In 1927 Chiang Kai-Shek emerged as the leader of the Kuomintang. He now carried out a purge that eliminated the communists from the organization. Those communists who survived, including Lin Biao, managed to establish the Jiangxi Soviet.

The nationalists now imposed a blockade and Mao Zedong decided to evacuate the area and establish a new stronghold in the north-west of China. In October 1934 Mao, Lin Biao, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and some 100,000 men and their dependents headed west through mountainous areas.

The marchers experienced terrible hardships. The most notable passages included the crossing of the suspension bridge over a deep gorge at Luting (May, 1935), travelling over the Tahsueh Shan mountains (August, 1935) and the swampland of Sikang (September, 1935).

The marchers covered about fifty miles a day and reached Shensi on 20th October 1935. It is estimated that only around 30,000 survived the 8,000-mile Long March.

Lin Biao played an important role in developing the military tactic of guerrilla warfare. As soon as the Japanese surrendered, Communist forces began a war against the Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-Shek. He was seriously wounded in 1938 and received medical treatment in the Soviet Union.

Lin Biao became commander of the North West People's Liberation Army in 1945. Lin Biao's strategy was to abandon the cities to the Nationalists and to concentrate on winning the support of the peasants in the countryside. He isolated the Nationalist troops in their garrisons and gradually forced unit after unit to surrender. By 1948 his soldiers had conquered the whole of Manchuria.

Lin's Biao's army also played an important role in the capture of Beijing, Wuhan, Guangzhou and Hainan Island. The People's Liberation Army gradually gained control of the whole country and on 1st October, 1949, Mao Zedong announced the establishment of People's Republic of China.

Lin Biao was responsible for Chinese forces during the Korean War (1950-53) and was promoted to the rank of marshal in 1955. As Minister of Defence he worked closely with Mao Zedong during the the Cultural Revolution. On 3rd September, 1966, Lin Biao made a speech where he urged pupils in schools and colleges to criticize those party officials who had been influenced by the ideas of Nikita Khrushchev.

Mao and Lin Biao were concerned by those party leaders such as Liu Shaoqi, who favoured the introduction of piecework, greater wage differentials and measures that sought to undermine collective farms and factories. In an attempt to dislodge those in power who favoured the Soviet model of communism, Mao galvanized students and young workers as his Red Guards to attack revisionists in the party. Mao told them the revolution was in danger and that they must do all they could to stop the emergence of a privileged class in China. He argued this is what had happened in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin and Nikita Khrushchev.

It was Lin Biao who compiled some of Mao's writings into the handbook, The Quotations of Chairman Mao, and arranged for a copy of what became known as the Little Red Book, to every Chinese citizen.

Zhou Enlai at first gave his support to the campaign but became concerned when fighting broke out between the Red Guards and the revisionists. In order to achieve peace at the end of 1966 he called for an end to these attacks on party officials. Mao Zedong remained in control of the Cultural Revolution and with the support of the army was able to oust the revisionists.

The Cultural Revolution came to an end when Liu Shaoqi resigned from all his posts on 13th October 1968. Lin Biao now became Mao's designated successor. He was also a supporter of the Gang of Four.

In September 1971, Lin Biao was killed in an airplane crash in Mongolia. The official explanation given at the time was that he had been involved in a failed plot to kill Mao Zedong and was killed while fleeing to the Soviet Union.

[Guest Rick Research]

I hope that some day the whole story will be known. Thanks!

[Alfred]

Thanks, for the detailed explanation.

regards

Andreas

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remains

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remains

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TIME

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[usairforce]

Good picture

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