Rusty Greaves

Enzo, thank you for your kind words! I am glad this thread has been of interest to you. As an archaeologist, I have to deal with stuff as the basic building blocks of understanding aspects of the past. However, what we find is not the cool things themselves that instantly tell a story. Most of what we find is trash in contexts that only tell us how people threw away or lost things. It would be like trying to understand modern society from cigarette butts and bottle caps. So, I am most interested in how we develop inferences to learn some of the information behind the things themselves, and the scale at which they tell us something about prehistory or history. Building on the Michael Hansson Montreux Conference medal he received for being the President of the Committee on the Mixed Courts Charter (see my post here of July 13, 2024), I am illustrating an Egyptian stamp design issued after the 8 May, 1937 signing of the new charter fro the Mixed Courts. The above set of 3 stamps use the design of the obverse of the Montreux Conference medal, and were issued in 3 denominations: 5 mills, 15 mills, and 20 mills. Special FDC envelope cancelled 15, October 1937 in Cairo. This is from a current eBay offering (https://www.ebay.com/itm/134583383745). Special FDC envelope cancelled 15 October, 1937 in Parliament, from a current eBay auction (https://www.ebay.com/itm/255408058968). Another special FDC envelope canceled 15 October 1937 in Cairo. From a current eBay auction (https://www.ebay.com/itm/226144473503?chn=ps&norover=1&mkevt=1&mkrid=711-167653-786486-8&mkcid=2&itemid=226144473503&targetid=325425753764&device=c&mktype=pla&googleloc=1013502&poi=2818&campaignid=20784063734&mkgroupid=158211146320&rlsatarget=pla-325425753764&abcId=&merchantid=6296724&gad_source=1&gbraid=0AAAAAD_QDh_rhs12PYd5RQ84dn5sqptlK&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIrPLi5dLwhwMVFs3CBB1meSRdEAQYASABEgKeGvD_BwE). FDC envelope canceled in Alexandria from a current eBay offering (https://www.ebay.com/itm/274980524321). Above are 4 special FDC cancellations of these stamps on 15 October, 1937. As noted in my post of July 13, 2024, after the signing of the Montreux Conference agreement, some changes were made in the Mixed Courts jurisdiction that were previously the purview of the Consular Courts, and those shifting reponsibilities were put into effect on 15 October, 1937. The diversity of FDC envelopes celebrating this phase of rolling back some aspects of the Capitulations indicates the importance of this event to many Egyptians. The comparable diversity of FDC covers when the Mixed Courts were closed on 14 October, 1949 (see images that are 4th-to-last to last in my post on this thread of 13 July, 2024), and their functions were absorbed by the National Courts, also emphasizes the propaganda value that the government received from promoting their role in eliminating the Capitulations.

The above moderate-resolution photo of an unusual Mixed Courts badge come from an Arabic language Facebook page that may be titled "Treasures of Khan Al-Khalili" or "The Precious Diamond" under a shop sign "Kenoz" (https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=326518127166569&set=pb.100094251525047.-2207520000). The page states that it deals in watches and jewelry and buys silver collectibles, watches, medals, ivory jewelry, precious stones, etc. The calligraphy on the central tablet is unlike that of any other badge I have seen. This suggests the identification of another, as yet unnamed, maker of these court badges, bringing the current number that I cannot yet associate with badge designs to 5. As noted for the 4th photo in my post of 23 August, 2023, the business card of the jeweler Flli. F & V. Ruscicano of Cairo identifies them as "Experts près le Tribunaux Mixtes" (Experts at [to] the Mixed Courts), but I have been unable to link an image of any badge from an unknown maker with this Rusciano name. Although the photo is not good-resolution, some details of the badge suggest it may have been cast rather than struck. Note that the rolls of the margin of the mantle (most visible on the uppermost roll on the left side) are filled, not hollow as they are on higher-quality struck versions of these badges. Other elements of the design appear to be lower relief and executed in lesser detail than most Mixed Courts badges. This image was posted on 18 June, probably 2024. I contacted the person who posted the image to ask whether any name is present on the reverse of the badge, but have not received a reply in a month.

Above is a moderate-resolution image of what appears to be a gold and silver District Mixed Courts badge. This image comes from a post dated 25 July, 2023 on an Arabic language Facebook site, titled the "Egypt Historical Guide" (https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=658578132962867&set=a.702389416471411.1073742467.233719140005110). The only information identified is that the photo may come from the People's Assembly Museum on People's Assembly Street in Cairo. The photo is probably by Dr. Mustafa Al-Sadiq, and may have a catalogue number of 457(?). No other information is provided. It is difficult to examine the workmanship of this badge in this lower quality photo. However, the central tablet calligraphy mostly matches that seen on one gold Appeals Court badge made by Wolf Horowitz (shown in my photos in my post of 24 March, 2017 on this thread and as the 14th-15th images in my post of 6 September, 2021 on this thread comparing calligraphy across labelled and unlabelled badges). No other badges, including the other Horowitz example I've seen, exhibit this form of the calligraphy. This is a moderate-resolution image of the calligraphy on the Horowitz-made gold Appeals Court badge, from the cropped image of this badge shown previously as the 14th photo in my post of 6 September, 2021. The calligraphy of this Wolf Horovitz badge (and not any other) matches the script and all but one diacritical mark seen on the above Facebook image. There is a missing "bird" in the lower left quadrant of the tablet compared with the Facebook badge. The unique shape of several other diacritical marks on this badge matches their form on the Facebook badge shown above.

Above is a moderate-resolution image of a silver Mixed Court' official's badge. The workmanship is that of Froment-Meurice and the central tablet calligraphy matches that I have called Group 2 in my post of 6 September, 2021 on this thread. This image comes from a 4 November, 2011 auction by Coutau-Bégarie & Associés, Paris (https://www.coutaubegarie.com/lot/11443/2121509-egypteinsigne-de-juge-de-tribu), Lot 392. The description fairly accurately identifies some of the design elements and states that the badge was made by Maison Froment-Meurice, although there is no photo of the reverse. The dimensions are given as: height 12 cm x width 8.5 cm, and weight as 175 g.

The photos below are from a Nepali & Turkish language Instagram site (https://www.instagram.com/p/C9z-FKRqSAJ/?locale=ne_NP&hl=ar&img_index=1) showing a silver Mixed Courts badge and an Indigenous Courts sash and crescent and stars regalia. I illustrated a similar set as the first image of my post of 27 April, 2018 from a Turkish language Pinterest site, that no longer is archiving that photo (I also included it as the 8th-to-last image of my post of 6 April, 2020 on this thread, from a different Pinterest site that still archives this photo). The above high-resolution photo shows the silver Mixed Courts badge resting in the medal bed of its associated case. The Instagram description is a jumble of information confounding this as a strictly Ottoman "medal". The description does state that the badge was made by Froment-Meurice. No image of the reverse is provided showing any mark and the images of the inner case lid are not high-enough resolution to see the manufacturer's name. The workmanship is consistent with Froment-Meuice-made badges and the calligraphy is identical to other Froment-Meurice examples I have described as Group 1 in my comparative post of 6 September, 2021 on this thread. High-resolution photo of the same badge in its case next to a green and red court sash with the silver crescent and 3 star regalia that are emblems of the Indigenous Courts. The green and red sash is identical to those worn by some officials who were not judges on the Mixed Courts. A second image of the silver Mixed Courts badge in its case and the Indigenous Courts sash, showing its complete length, decorative bow, and gold metallic border and fringe. When worn, the crescent horns would be upward with the 3 stars superior to the crescent (seen in various photos on this thread of Indigenous Courts personnel). The association of these 2 sets of regalia for different courts is not entirely surprising. Some Egyptian judges/officials who initially served on the Indigenous Courts were later transferred to the international Mixed Courts (see the 2 portrait photos that appear to represent the same man wearing a Mixed Courts badge with his sash and wearing the lawyer's épitoge with the crescent and 3 stars emblem of the Indigenous Courts as the 1st-3rd photos of my post of 6 April, 2020 on this thread). At Least one British Mixed Courts judge, Alexander Cockburn McBarnet, served on both the Indigenous Courts and the Mixed Courts (see the 3rd image and discussion of Judge McBarnet in my post of 18 April, 2019 on this thread, and a higher-resolution image of that framed set of his awards in my post of 31 January, 2023 on this thread; I stated in the 18 April, 2019 post that there were no photos of Judge McBarnet from the 50th Anniversary Les Juridictions Mixtes d'Égypte 1876-1926 volume, which is not true-McBarnet is shown in the 3rd image of that post seated on the viewer's right hand side of the table, 4th from the front of the table next to Jasper Yeates Brinton). Additionally, following the closure of the Mixed Courts on October 14, 1949 the Egyptian judiciary were transferred to roles on the Indigenous Courts if they so desired. The juxtaposition of these 2 sets of regalia suggest they may have belonged to an Egyptian official on the Mixed Courts (represented by the silver badge, rather than the gold badges of the Appeals Court judges or the gold and silver badges of judges on the District Courts) who either later of previously held a position with the Mixed Courts.

I recently came across an odd artistic use of the design of the Mixed Courts badge. An Arabic language article on the Veto website (https://www.vetogate.com/4787683) published in January, 2023 featured this odd piece of art. An exhibition of “luxury” furniture in the Damietta furniture making region in the Misr Projects Building at the Fairgrounds in Nasr City, Egypt, included a wall plaque loosely based on the Mixed Courts badge motif. The Vetogate article described an exhibition of hand-made wooden furniture offered at discounted prices as part of a project to revitalize the local furniture industry. The exhibit was promoted by the Enterprise Development Authority and the Damietta Governate The owner of one of the workshops in the exhibition, Abdel Rahman Abdel Malik, discussed the project with Veto, the focus on hand craftmanship, local wood, and some of his work (notably a replica of Tutankhamun’s well-known gilded throne from his tomb). The wall plaque with adapted features of the Mixed Courts badge design. The materials used to make this item are not identified. An illustration of the display of the wall plaque to give a sense of its size (~60-100 cm tall). The two mirrors on either side of the plaque employ the mantle and crown motif from the Mixed Courts badge and royal coat-of-arms as the mirror frames. A further picture of the display showroom for scale, Abdel Rahman Abdel Malik is in the foreground with his replica Tutankhamun throne. The Mixed Courts design wall plaque is in the background on the wall visible between Abdel Rahman and the Tutankhamun chair.

As a follow-up to some of the additional background on Wolf Horovitz, I also have some material about another manufacturer of Mixed Courts badges, Zivy Frères & Cie. of Alexandria. Through some oversight, I missed the entry on Zivy Frères & Cie, in the Great Egypt website (https://www.greategypt.org/2023/09/businesses-in-egypt-1909.html). That entry in the section on "Businesses in Egypt, 1909" also includes useful information on Rudolf Stobbe, another manufacturer of Mixed Courts staff badges. The entry for Zivy Frères reports the following information about the business and family partners: "One of the oldest firms of high-class jewelers and watchmakers in Cairo and Alexandria was that of Zivy Frères, which was established in 1863 by Henry and Cesar Zivy, who had previously carried on business at Chaux-de- Fond, the center of the watch-making industry in Switzerland. After Mr. Henry Zivy's death in 1885, Mr. Cesar Zivy continued to trade under his own name until 1902, when he also died, leaving the business to his sons, Jules and Charles, who later became the proprietors. The firm had depots and factories in Paris and in Chaux-de- Fond. The local branches, situated in the Rue Kamel, Cairo, and in the Rue Cherif Pasha, Alexandria, were managed respectively by Mr. C. Zelnick, who had been with the firm for twenty years, and Mr. M. Braun, who had been with them for upwards of forty years, but one or other of the proprietors came to Egypt from Europe each season to equip the local business with the latest novelties. A special feature was made of copies of antiquities, for which there was a ready demand owing to the fidelity of the workmanship. The firm stocked all kinds of jewelery and precious stones, and had been purveyors to H.H. the Khedive since the time of Ismael Pasha. Mr. Jules Zivy was a member of the committees of the French Club and the Société de Bienfaisance Française. Both he and his brother were natives of Chaux-de-Fond, and gained the greater part of their practical knowledge of jewelery at their father's workshops there and in Paris." I first illustrated a Zivy Frères & Cie. badge on this thread in my post of 24 April, 2019. That post also included an image of their business card and a full-page advertisement from a 1928 edition of an Alexandrian publication. I posted 2 other advertisements of Zivy Frères & Cie. (from 1918 and 1911) in my post of 8 December, 2019 as the 3rd and 2nd-to-last images in that post and a photo of Cesar Zivy’s storefront in Cairo photographed in 1901 as the last image in that post. Additional information about Zivy Frères is in my post of 3 November, 2022. This includes an advertisement (1st image) and an entry on Cesar Zivy (the 2nd image, showing the same storefront in Hallim Pasha’s Building in Cairo) from an 1899 Guidebook to Cairo and the Nile, and a May 1926 receipt from Zivy Frères & Cie. at 10 Rue Chèrif Pasha, Alexandria (4th image). That receipt also identifies shops in Cairo and Port Said, as well as a Parisian and Swiss fabrication addresses. I posted about another Zivy Frères badge (1st, 2nd, and 5th photos) and in my post of 22 February, 2023 including a low resolution image of the badge its case marked Zivy Frères (3rd photo). My post of 12 April, 2023 shows a higher resolution image of the badge in its case. As with Wolf Horowitz (and information about J. Lattes, maker of Egyptian royal Orders, covered in my thread "Question about the Order of Ismial/Nishan-al-Ismail" also here in the Middle East & Arab States section), there is often more information about watches and clocks retailed through these Egyptian jewelers than about their other jewelry. I include this group of timepieces as auxiliary information about the Zivy Frères & Cie. business that made some Mixed Courts badges. Cesar Zivy is mentioned using endorsements from timekeepers (muwaqqits) in the Al-Azhar and Husaynmi Mosques in a discussion about the early use of personal watches in the Middle East being principally to more precisely identify the time for Muslim prayers, and only by approximately 1910 employed as time-pieces (Kupferschmidt, Uri M., 2023. The Diffusion of “Small” Western Technologies in the Middle East: Invention Use and Need in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Studies on Modern Orient, Vol 44. Gruyter, Boston, pg. 76). I noted this in my post of 3 November, 2022 as well as the identification of the Zivy jewellers as Jewish, as were many of the foreign jewelers in Egypt. That post had a brief discussion of the use of specialized Hebrew vocabulary by Egyptian jewelers for secret communication about customers between sellers, that has persisted into the current era (Hugi, Jacky, 2013. The secret language of Cairo’s jewelry merchants. Al-Monitor, 25 September, 2013; https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2013/09/Cairo-gold-market-jews-language.html?token=eyJlbWFpbCI6InJ1c3R5Z3JlYXZlc0B5YWhvby5jb20iLCJuaWQiOiI2MTI2In0%3D&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Ungrouped transactional email&utm_content=Ungrouped transactional email+ID_c084984a-4baa-11ef-83f7-0ad1f476c631&utm_source=campmgr&utm_term=Access Article). Cufflinks made by Zivy Frères & Cie. for King Farouk I. These are from a September-October, 2023 auction by S. J, Shrubsole, “Royal Provenance” (Lot J4961), archived in the Issuu website (https://issuu.com/sjshrubsole/docs/royal_provenance_catalog). The description identifies these cufflinks as platinum and gold, set with diamonds and rubies and that they were made for King Farouk I. The length of each is given as 1.52 cm. An approximate date of c. 1950 given in the description is probably too late. I have only seen a few examples of other work by Zivy Frères & Cie., much of it in the 19th century Gothic revival and French Renaissance revival styles that I mentioned in my post about the Art Deco style work of Wolf Horowitz in my recent post of 23 July, 2024. Swiss-made two-train pocket watch with Petite/Grande Sonnerie bearing the name Zivy Frères and associated with La Chaux-de-Fonds address, associated with the Zivy brothers Henry and Cesar’s business prior to opening the Alexandria atelier in 1863. No image of the Zivy Frères name is provide in the Sotheby’s auction listing for 13 Nov, 2013 in Geneva, Lot 204 (https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2011/important-watches/lot.204.html). The watch case is 18 k gold and its diameter is 55 mm. The description indicates this watch was made for the Ibero/South American market c. 1900. Above is another Swiss-made pocketwatch marked with the Zivy Frères name, formerly archived on: http://forum.horlogerie-suisse.com/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=26040. No additional information was available from that past link. Above re 2 images of a LeCoultre caliber 40 pocketwatch marked Zivy Frères from an enquiry by Tom Lardas on 14 May 2016, archived on the watchuseek website https://www.watchuseek.com/threads/zivy-freres-year.3203858/). A respondent suggested manufacturing dates between 1910-1920 and identified dates for the Zivy Frères shop in Alexandria as 1863 (independently verified) until 1937 (not yet verified). Two images of an 8-day mantel clock that is engraved on the reverse with the name of Zivy Frères as the retailer of this clock and the Chevron symbol for the manufacturer. The Chevron mark on this clock is that of Henri Ditisheim of La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. The artwork of the face is signed “Rivier”, one of at least a couple artists used to ornament the clock faces for Chevron, but I have not yet identified the artist. From a 10 March, 2024 auction by World Auction Gallery, Lot 300, archived on the Invaluable website (https://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/old-chevron-zivy-freres-geneva-swiss-bronze-300-c-0e7450382b). Dimensions given as: height = 7 inches (17.78 cm) x length 6.5 inches (16.51 cm) x width 3 inches (7.62 cm). Two images of another 8-day Chevron-made mantel clock retailed by Zivy Frères showing the face and part of the reverse. The reverse has an identical engraving of the “ZIVY FRÈRES, GENÈVE” name as on the above March 2024 World Auction Gallery clock. The photos of the reverse on the auction page are not as high-resolution as those for the World Auction Gallery auction offering. The name “ZIVY FRÈRES” also appears on the face of the clock, underneath the XII hour mark. This comes from a current eBay auction in the UK (https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/145606411349). Dimensions given as 13 cm wide x 10 cm tall. Probable Chevron 8-day mantle clock with the Zivy Frères name on the face. This image is too low-resolution to be able to zoom and readily read the “ZIVY FRÈRES, GENÈVE” maker’s name on the face and no images of the reverse are provided in the auction listing. The Zivy Frères attribution is given in the brief catalogue description. From a 17 October, 2022 auction by Steffen’s Enchères Rambouillet archived on the Drouot website (https://drouot.com/en/l/19383704-reloj-de-sobremesa-art-deco-la-esfera-con-motivo-de-raya), Lot 287. Dimensions are: height = 16.5 cm x width = 16 cm x depth = 7.5. cm. The date is estimated as c. 1930 (?). Two images of an 8-day desk clock by DOXA of La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, retailed by Zivy Frère. this listing comes from an “Important Watches” auction, 2 September, 2021, Geneva, by Sothebys, Lot 176 (https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2021/fine-watches-8/retailed-by-zivy-freres-co-an-gilt-and-polychrome). DOXA was founded in 1889 by George Ducommun in Le Locle, Switzerland. The face of the clock is signed “ZIVY FRÈRES & Co., GENÈVE” below the 6:00 hour mark. This clock is marked “DOXA WATCH MY” [Co.], "SWISS MADE” on the reverse. Height= 83 mm x 74 mm wide. The serial number for this clock are 2 pre-1940 numbers (16413, 1764), so it cannot be dated more specifically (the pre-1940 records were destroyed in a flood and a new numbering system was implemented in 1940). The auction description suggests c. 1925 (?), but this cannot be confirmed. Officer’s travelling clock and its case from a 9 December, 2019 auction by Genève Enchères, Lot 3368 (https://www.geneve-encheres.ch/lots/zivy-freres-pendulette-dofficier?from_page=4&utm_source=barnebys&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=barnebys&utm_content=2019-12-06). The “ZIVY FRÈRES’ name appears below the XII hour mark and above the VI hour mark is the partially worn inscription “AL XANDR E LE CAI E” (ALEXANDRIE, LE CAIRE”). Height = 10.5 cm. The manufacturer of this clock is unspecified. Business card for Zivy Frères & Cie., noting that the King of Egypt is one of his clients. This is a different example of the Zivy Frères & Cie card from the one I illustrated in my post of 24 April, 2019 (same design). The card identifies the business addresses in Alexandria, in Paris, and the original (pre-1863) Zivy Frères & Cie. address in Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland.

Undated photo of the U.S. judge, Jasper Yeates Brinton, the last President of the Mixed Appeals Court. This is the only photograph I have seen of him in his Court costume of stambouline coat, sash (green), and the Mixed Courts badge (completely gilt). His tarboosh is resting on the table (see the modernist portrait painting of him in costume by fellow Mixed Courts jurist Mahmoud Saïd shown in a couple posts here, the 4th image in my post of 21 August, 2019 puts that Brinton portrait in context with other depictions of Mixed Courts personnel by Saïd). From the frontispiece illustration in: Hoyle, Mark S. W. 1991. Mixed Courts of Egypt. Arabic and Islamic Laws Series 4. Graham & Trotman, London, pg. iix. Original photo credit is to John Brinton. Hoyle considers Brinton to have been that last working senior judge on the Courts. Brinton is the author of one of the most important books on the Mixed Courts: The Mixed Courts of Egypt (first published 1930, revised edition 1968), Yale University Press, New Haven.

I have a bit of ephemera about Wolf Horovitz that I wish to add while I have been posting about him. Thus far, I have not found any images of business cards, receipts for his workshop, photos of his storefront, or advertisements in publications. However, I did find an additional photo of him, and some examples of his jewelry work and the watches he imported from Switzerland. I have previously included some information on the original designer of these badges (Émile Froment-Meurice: my post of 15 August, 2019) and a couple of other manufacturers of these badges (Rudolf Stobbe: the 3rd- 5th images in my post of 24 September, 2019, the 2nd image in my post of 8 December, 2019, the 5th photo in my post of 3 November, 2022; and the 3 photos in my post of 16 January, 2024; Zivy Frères & Cie: the last 2 photos in my post of 24 April, 2019, the final 3 images in my post of 8 December, 2019; and the 1st-4th images in my post of 3 November, 2022) but have not added much information about Wolf Horovitz. I have not yet found any information about Union de Graveurs D. Ialanos, A de Leo, & A. Kassandrinos at 5 rue de L'Eglise Copte, Alexandrie who made a couple cast examples I have illustrated on this thread (see my post of 3 February, 2022). Additionally, I have now identified 5 unknown makers of these badges whose designs are distinctive and either have no makers’ marks on the reverse or there is no information about whether they are marked. In my post of 23 August, 2023 the 4th & 5th photos show a business card of Flle. F & V. Rusciano at Haret El Soufi No. 5, Cairo who identify as “Experts près les Tribunaux Mixtes” (experts at [to] the Mixed Courts), but I have not yet identified the configuration of their badges among the 5 makers whose badges I have not yet associated with makers’ identities. Wolf Zeev Horovitz was born in Alexandria (18 August, 1883) and was probably of Romanian descent. Horovitz died in Geneva Switzerland on 16 February, 1959. Horovitz’s son Théodore Horovitz, began working as a jeweler in his father’s workshop in 1934 and he is credited with moving the business to Geneva after the elimination of the monarchy in 1952. Several biographical sketches of Horovitz on auction sites discussing the quality of his pieces emphasize his skills and connection s with elite clientele that include King Fuad I and King Farouk I, The biographical notes in the Nadine Krakov Collection listing for a turquoise, diamond and ruby gold ring (illustrated below) states that Théodore made a crown for “the Queen”, presumably Queen Farida, first wife of King Farouk before their divorce in 1948. Le Mondain Egyptienne for 1939 gives Wolf Hotovitz’s home address as 71 avenue Prince Ibrahim, Ibrahimieh, Alexandria. I have previously Illustrated a photo of Wolf Horovitz from the Geni.com genealogy website as the last photo in my post of 24 September, 2019 (and posted here below). I also included two examples of his makers marks used on products manufactured in Europe (one for Britain, and one for France) as the 6th and 7th images in that same 24 September, 2019 post. I recently found two images of the identification card for Wolf Horovitz showing him as a younger man than in the photo included with the Geni.com listing. I have only recently found a few examples of his jewelry work, that does demonstrate significant skill. These Horovitz jewelry pieces are very lovely examples of Art Deco work. Most of the pieces I have seen by Froment-Meurice and Zivy Frères are more "old fashioned" 19th century Gothic revival and French Renaissance revival styles. J. Lattes, maker of royal Egyptian orders and medals, appears to have made many pieces in a Egyptian revival style. Horovitz Mixed Courts badges are not as elegant in their details as the Froment-Meurice badges, nor a couple other as yet unidentified makers, so I was surprised at the beauty, liveliness, and innovation in these jewelry pieces illustrated below. I also am including a couple of watches made in Geneva for retail by Horovitz in Alexandria. Apparently cropped view of the outer cover of the Certificate of Identity , probably from an eBay source I did not note in 2021. The fold on right is probably the middle seam that can be seen in the next photo. Fully opened Certificate of Identity showing the stamped photo of Wolf Horovitz and his name in English. Cropped close up of the photo of Wolf Horovitz also at an oblique angle. Undated photo of Wolf Zeev Horovitz from the Geni.com website (https://www.geni.com/photo/view/6000000002383946981?album_type=photos_of_me&photo_id=600000000246149679).I previously included this portrait as the 8th image in my post of 24 September, 2019. Undated photo of Wolf Horovitz’s son, Théodore “Teddy” Horovitz (28 May, 1917-17 June, 1996), also from the Geni.com website (https://www.geni.com/photo/view/6000000002358826289?album_type=photos_of_me&photo_id=6000000002436966075). As noted above, Théodore Horovitz started working in the Horovitz atelier probably in 1934 and continued as a jeweler for his career. A turquoise diamond and ruby ring made by Horovitz. From a current online sale by Nadine Krakov Collection, SKU: 70701 GOOO (https://nadinekrakovcollection.com/rings/retro-horovitz-alexandrie-turquoise-ring-diamond-18k-gold/). The interior of the ring is engraved “HOROVITZ, ALEXANDRIE”. A diamond and platinum brooch made by Horovitz. This item is listed. on both The Antiques Guild out of Brisbane, Australia (https://theantiqueguild.com.au/products/mid-century-platinum-diamond-set-floral-clip-brooch-by-w-horowitz-of-alexandria). The 1st Dibs website online market out of the US also lists this brooch for The Antique Guild out of Brisbane (https://www.1stdibs.com/jewelry/brooches/brooches/platinum-diamond-floral-brooch-wolf-horovitz-alexandria/id-j_23096502/). The images on The Antiques Guild are higher resolution than the same images on 1st Dibs, and are the photos I have shown here. Horovitz name is engraved ”W. Horovitz – Alexandrie” A Sotheby’s past auction offering from 17 November, 2009 offering (Lot 358) of a demi-parure pair of ruby, diamond, and gold clip earrings and a brooch. This jewelry was sold in a 17 November, 2009 Sotheby’s “Magnificent Jewels” auction in Geneva, Lot 358 (https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2009/magnificent-jewels-ge0905/lot.358.html).This partial set is made of gold, rubies, and diamonds and is signed “Horovitz” and in a case stamped “W. Horovitz, 26 rue Cherif Pacha, Alexandrie”. Sotheby’s also sold an unsigned Horovitz diamond and platinum necklace in a 13 November, 2013 auction (GE1305, Lot 85 (https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2013/magnificent-jewels-ge1305/lot.85.html). ). Although unsigned, it is in a case stamped with Horovitz ‘s name and has a photocopy of the original receipt dated to 16 June, 1951 from the 26, Rue Chérif Pacha, Alexandrie shop, indicating he was still open at this date. As with most Egyptian jewelers in the early 20th century, Horovitz retailed high quality watches made in Switzerland. I have come across a couple examples of Swiss-made clocks marked for retail by Zivy I Frères & Cie., but have not illustrated them on this thread. I have shown a few watches made by J. Lattes and Lattes Frères in my thread “Question about Order of Ismail/Nishan al-Ismail” here in the “Middle East & Arab States” section of GMIC. Below are photos of 2 examples of watches retailed by Wolf Horovitz. The above low-resolution photos show a double date steel wristwatch made by the Swiss Luxury watchmaker Jaeger-LeCoultre and sold on the Tom Bolt Watch Guru website (https://www.watchguru.com/WatchFiend/Watch-Details/Jaeger-Le-Coultre/Double-Date-NOS/13362). The website dates the watch to approximately the 1940s. Information I found indicates both round and rectangular LeCoultre double date wristwatches were produced 1935-1942. Jaeger-LeCoultre manufactured its watches in Le Sentier, Switzerland and was founded in 1833. The rare double date watches include a day window (in French) and the outer date track. No serial number for the watch is given. The name “HOROVITZ, ALEXANDRIE” appears on the face above the subdial, indicating he was the retailer of this watch. The other watch I have found retailed by Horovitz is a Patek, Philippe, & Cie. of Geneva, shown in the high-resolution images above. This pocketwatch was auctioned approximately 4 years ago apparently on Monaco Legend Auctions and the photos and brief description are archived on the Picuki site that allows downloads of Instagram phots and videos (https://www.picuki.com/media/2203151921003132145). The watch is made of yellow and rose gold and has its original case and authentication papers. No additional information is provided. The serial number of the movement is visible on the certificat d’origine et de garantie: 822382, that also is dated 1945. The watchface is marked “W. HOROVITZ-ALEXANDRIE” above the 6:00 hour marker. The photo of the case shows that Horovitz’s name is misspelled as “W. HOROWITZ, ALEXANDRIE” on the lower right corner of the inside of the upper lid.

Thanks for your opinion Graf. That makes sense given it is not clearly affecting the letters. Cheers! As I have not seen this flaw on the reverse of any other medals, it seems to suggest identification of another reverse die. Numis or other folks more knowledgable than I may have a useful opinion about this.

I came across another auction listing of one of the unusual cast examples of what I feel is a possible "jewelry" version of the Mixed Courts badge, apparently made by Wolf Horovitz. I first encountered an example of this very abbreviated workmanship on a 5 December, 2018 auction offdering by Bamfords Auctioneers and Valuers of the UK (Auction 20, Lot 3620A). That listing is still archived on the Bamfords website (https://auctions.bamfords-auctions.co.uk/catalogue/lot/1672cda7783734d000495e169152f06c/e4ebea155a08e205e5ea6a89010099d0/two-day-gentleman-s-library-stamps-grand-tour-curio-lot-3620a/). I initially illustrated that badge in my post of 2 December, 2018 on this thread with 2 high-resolution images showing the obverse and reverse. Only the photo of the obverse is still archived on the Bamfords website. The second example I encountered was from a 24 October, 2021 auction listing by the Turkish auctioneers Arthill Museum Collection KYM., LTD., ŞTI. (Auction 20, Lot 16) with 6 lower-resolution images of the obverse and reverse of this badge, showing details of the central tablet with the inscription, the crown, the “HOROVITZ” name on the reverse, and a side view showing its 3-part construction (https://www.arthill.com.tr/urun/4095822/hidiv-19-yuzyil-altin-vermeyli-bronz-mineli-adalet-nisani-19-yuzyil-sultan-abdu). That listing and photos are still archived on the Arthill website. The Arthill example is illustrated and described in my post of 7 April, 2022 on this thread. That post also includes the 2 images from the December 2018 Bamfords listing. These unusual adaptations of the Mixed Courts badge design are the same size as the official Mixed Courts badges but are cast rather than struck with much more abbreviated execution and are made of bronze, (a material only used for one uncommon adaptation of the more-detailed original Froment-Meurice design that was made by Union des Graveurs, D. Ialanos, A. deLeo.& A. Kassandrinos of Alexandria). The 2 previous examples I have seen both were associated with photos of the reverse that show the Horovitz name. The Bamfords description states that the badge from their auction is “probably” silver gilt, and it does exhibit 3 Egyptian hallmarks that are not clear in enlargement but are likely silver hallmarks. The Arthill example is stated to be bronze and vermeil and does not appear to have any assay hallmarks. It is unclear to me whether that Arthill example is gilt. Above is a low-resolution image of the version of the obverse of the example that I just encountered. It comes from a 21 February, 2021 auction (5, Lot 126) by Hitit Antik in Ankara (https://www.hititantik.com/en/product/3207720/hidiv-armasi-avrupa-yapimi-bronzdan-imal-edilmis-11x9-cm-uzerinde-osmanlica-ad). There are no photos of the reverse of this badge. The description calls it a “Khedival coat of arms”, identifies it as European bronze, gives it’s dimensions as 11 x 9 cm, and offers a translation of the inscription. The parts of the badge with black enamel on the drapery folds bracketing the margins of the badge and on 2 of the openings between the arches of the crown are identical to those on the Bamfords example. (in contrast with that on the Arthill's piece). The black enamel on both the Hitit Antik and Bamfords examples appears to be a painted application rather than baked, consistent with the abbreviated form and execution of these cast forms adapting the original badge design. The white enamel between the inferior wreath and the central roundel suggesting the Order of Medjidie element also is seen on the Bamfords badge but is not present on the Arthill badge. I thought there might be a possibility that this could be the same example as the Bamfords piece, but more tarnished (hence possibly prior to any cleaning by Bamfords). However, the Bamfords badge appears less tarnished and was sold only about 2 years before this Hitit Antik badge offering. I have looked at discolored locations on the central tablet and the rayed embellishment, where distinctive stains often are apparent, but see no conclusive similarities. The Hititi Antik photo is of such low-resolution that any potential similarities cannot be confirmed. The only possible comparative anomaly is a dark spot in the ~9:45 position in the margin of white enamel near the inside the wreath of the Hitit Antik piece that is in the same location as a light gray spot in the white enamel of the Bamfords piece. Most parsimoniously, I must infer the Hitit Antik is a different and additional example of this very unusual piece made in the form of the official Mixed Courts badges. For comparison, above is the higher-resolution image from the archived 2018 Bamfords listing of an identical badge.

I came across the photo below of a Mixed Courts badge resting in its case on Pinterest. The image is credited as coming from an arcade-style “flea market”, Marché Dauphine of Saint Ouen-sur-Seine, France (Puces de Saint-Ouen): https://ro.pinterest.com/pin/455215474807911387/. This market opened in the early 1990s. It is a very eclectic mixture of vendors, but includes several antique dealers. An oddly unique emblematic feature of the Marché Dauphine is the presence of a "flying saucer"-shaped structure in the arcade that is one of approximately only 100 Futuro Houses produced from the 1968 design of architect Matt Suuronen. This particular Mixed Courts badge was made by Wolf Horovitz of Alexandria. There is no date associated with the Pinterest posting of this photo. There are Instagram images of some of the offerings by the different vendors at Marché Dauphine, but I have not found one of this badge (Instagram photos exhibit posting dates, unlike Pinterest). Its position in the Marché Dauphine Pinterest site may suggests that it is a later posting than the 2018-2019 eBay listing. However, I cannot identify when this badge passed though the Marché Dauphine antique dealers at this point. The badge was sold from the antique shop Oriental Obsession, stand No. 246-247 in the Marché Dauphine. The owner of the shop, Mohamed El Guebali, cannot recall when it was sold. Above is a moderate-resolution photo of a Mixed Courts badge from the Pinterest site of Marché Dauphine. The photo can be enlarged somewhat fora bit more detail. This is the same badge I previously illustrated in the 1st – 7th photos of my post of 1 December, 2018. Those images came from a contemporary eBay auction (sold in January 2019), but did not include the photo shown above. The one image of the badge from the eBay listing of the badge in its medal bed has a shadow extending to the inferior margin of the crown element. Photos of the reverse on eBay showed the Horovitz name and 3 Egyptian silver hallmarks (showing a date hallmark of “N” for 1938-1939). Photos of the interior case lid from the past eBay listing show the printed “W. Horovitz, 26 Rue Chérif Pasha, Alexandrie” in cursive script (also shown below). It is identified on that 2018 eBay listing as gilt silver and includes the original case. I also illustrated the reverse of the same badge in the 6th to 11th-to-last images of my post of 28 February, 2019 comparing hallmarks on the reverse of some Mixed Courts badges, and the 5th-to-last photo in that post also shows the Horovitz name on the inside of the upper lid of the presentation case. The calligraphy on the tablet above matches exactly that of the 2018 eBay example (see especially the 16th - 17th photos in my post of 6 September, 2021 comparing tablet calligraphy on badges by different manufacturers). Additionally, the staining on the tablet (a yellowish hue from the left middle of the tablet extending into the approximate middle of the badge, it can be seen better by zooming the above image) is identical to the above example (also see the staining in the 7th photo in that 1 December 2018 post and in the 2 photos referenced in the 6 September, 2021 post, one shown below). Although hard to see in this photo, the tugra inside the Order of Medjidie element is oriented upside down, as it is on all of the very few Horovitz-made badge examples I have seen photos of on auction sites. Above is a higher-resolution image of the same badge from the past eBay offering sold in January 2019. I included this photo as the 1st image in my post on this thread of 1 December, 2018. That listing included multiple images of the reverse (showing the Horowitz maker's mark), the hallmarks on this badge, and the W. Horovitz name inside the upper lid of the associated case. Note the identical staining on the central tablet with the inscription. The eBay listing identified this badge as gilt silver. It may be an Appeals Court badge (all gilt) or a District Courts badge (gold & silver). Most of the eBay images gives all of the badge a gold hue. I cannot detect any clear distinctions in gilt & silver areas that might help define the District Court badges. Some of the eBay photos make the badge appear to be silver with some tarnish. I cannot currently determine whether this badge is gilt, partially gilt, or silver. Cropped close-up of the central tablet inscription on the same Horovitz badge from the late 12018-January 2019 eBay offering of this badge. This also shows well the distinctive yellowish staining on the tablet from the left middle to the approximate center of the badge that is identical to that seen on the 1st image above from the Marché Dauphine Pinterest site. I included this image as the 16th photo (the 3rd example in my listing under "Wolf Horovitz, Alexandria") in my post of 6 September, 2021 comparing the central tablet calligraphy of different manufacturers of the Mixed Courts badges. W. Horovitz name inside the case for the same badge as illustrated from the Marché Dauphine Pinterest site above as the 1st photo in this post. This comes from the 2018-2019 eBay listing of this badge, and was the 4th photo in my post of 1 December, 2018 on this thread.

Below is an image of a District Courts badge from a 9 July, 2021 auction (78) by Leiloeira São Domingos, Lot 4 (https://www.leiloeirasaodomingos.pt/lote/0/2015.78/0/0/0/0/4/0). The description identifies the size of the badge as 12 x 9 cm and gives an approximate weight of 163 g. No photograph of the reverse is included, but it is stated to bear the "FROMENT-MEURICE" mark on the reverse. It was offered with its original case, but no photo of the case is included in the auction listing. This badge is identified as being that of a Portuguese judge on the Mixed Courts. This gold and silver badge from the 9 July, 2021 auction (78) by Leiloeira São Domingos, Lot 4 is consistent with Froment-Meurice workmanship. The calligraphy on the central tablet is consistent with some Group 2 inscriptions, as outlined in my comparative post on this thread of 6 September, 2021. The form of the script matches the examples shown in the 8th and 9th photos of that post, one a silver badge associated with the Greek Court official Apostolo N. Gennaropoulo from a past eBay auction. The other most similar calligraphy is on a silver badge from a July 2015 auction by Clark Auction Gallery, Lot 0235, archived on the liveauctioneers.com website (https://www.liveauctioneers.com/price-result/silver-froment-meurice-egyptian-badge/). The Clark Auction badge was resold a 19 June, 2022 auction by Helios Auctions (Auction #33, Lot 43, with very high resolution images of the silver badge. The listing is archived on the invaluable.com website (https://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/a-rare-ottoman-empire-egypt-judges-badge-by-frome-2d040dba00), including very high resolution images of that badge. It also is archived on the (https://www.liveauctioneers.com/price-result/a-rare-ottoman-empire-egypt-judge-s-badge-by-froment-meurice/). I illustrated images (and identified it as the same badge as the 2015 Clark Auction Gallery offering) in the 1st-5th and the 8th photos of that post of 19 June, 2021 on this thread. The 5th photo in that 19 June, 2021 post is good for comparing with the above Leiloeira São Domingos auction badge's calligraphy. The tugra is in the correct orientation, slightly rotated ~30°-40° to the right as seen on all Froment-Meurice badges. The badge is identified to have belonged to the Portugues jurist Alberto de Sousa Larcher. The 50th anniversary volume about the Mixed Courts (Les Juridictions Mixtes d'Égypte 1876-1926 Livre d'or Édité sous le Patronage du Conseil de l’Ordre des Avocats á l’Occasion du Cinquantenaire des Tribunaux de la Réforme, par le journal des Tribunaux Mixtes. Alexandrie, Egypte) identifies Alberto de Sousa Larcher (with the alternate spelling of his last name "de Souza") as a Legal Advisor (Conseiller) to the Appeals Court of Court of Appeal of St. Paul de Loanda (Portuguese Guinea, in the W African colony of Senegal). He was named to the District Court of Mansourah on 28 April, 1891. He resided in Port Said and was transferred to the District Court in Alexandria on 2 January, 1896 (Appendix 1, pg. XV). De Sousa Larcher was promoted to Conseiller on the Court of Appeals 4 December, 1902, replacing the French judge Maurice Jean Joseph Bellet. Alberto de Sousa Larcher reached the age limit of 70 (for the Appeals Court, the age limit for the district Courts was 65) on 31 October 1920 (Appendix 1, pg V). The above gold and silver District badge dates to the time of his service on the District Courts, probably close to his original appointment in 1891. The above photo shows that the badge is in excellent condition with very few scratches and no loss of enamel. De Sousa was awarded the 1st Class Grand Cordon Order of the Nile upon his retirement. A Facebook citation (https://www.facebook.com/carasdeportalegre/posts/alberto-de-sousa-larcherjuiz-e-comendador-da-ordem-de-cristonatural-desta-cidade/1792956080940736/ states that he also was a past recipient the Commander Class Portuguese Military Order of Christ (Ordem Militar de Cristo) and that he died on 1 December, 1929, but gives his age as 81 on that date.

I just heard back from Sherif Boraïe, the author of the 2021 publication A Face in Time: Egypt Photo Studios 1865-1939 (Zeitouna, Dar el-Kutub), whose photos of an unidentified Mixed Courts judge or official and of a group of judges of the Indigenous Courts I included in my post here of 19 June, 2024 as the 1st and 7th photos. I had asked Mr. Boraïe about the signatures on the 3 images I also included in that 19 June post. He checked the 2 images attributed to Studio Victor in A Face in Time: Egypt Photo Studios 1865-1939 and provided images of the signatures that had been cropped from the book plates. Although the form of the “V” is different in the signatures he provided, the form of the other letters is similar to those of the signatures I was unsure about. Mr. Boraïe agrees that despite that difference, these appear to identify Studio Victor as the source of those 2 images of a Mixed Courts official and of an Indigenous Court official. Signature on the lower right of the portrait of a Mixed Courts' official, apparently wearing a tri-colored sash along with the Mixed Courts insignia badge. The full photo is shown as the 2nd image in my post of 19 June, and I included this cropped close-up as the 3rd Image. This photo is undated, but must predate October 14, 1949 when the Mixed Courts were closed.. An informal written signature on a proof print of an official of the Indigenous Courts in a jellabiya (galabeya) with a bi-colored 3-striped sash with the crescent and 3 stars insignia of that Court. The full proof photo is shown as the 4th image in my post of 19 June, 2024. Signature on the mat of a print of the same photo of the man in jellaibiya with the bi-colored 3-striped sash with the crescent and 3 stars, shown as the 5th photo in my 19 June post. The form is the same as that on the portrait of the Mixed Courts' official. Note the date of 1952. Signature on a Studio Victor portrait of Police Academy from an unspecified city, sent to me by Sherif Boraïe. The signature was cropped from the photographic plate in Boraïe’s 2021 book A Face in Time: Egypt Photo Studios 1865-1939 on page 228 titled “The Police Academy in summer uniform. Gelatin silver print, 17.5 x 23 cm. Studio Victor. Although the form of the initial “V” lacks the looping cartouche to the right framing the signature (instead having a flourish to the left), all the other letters are signed in similar calligraphy to the above 3 signatures in question. The photo is undated. The same form of the Studio Victor signature on the photographic plate on page 229 of A Face in Time: Egypt Photo Studios 1865-1939 on page 238 titled: “The Police Academy in winter uniform. Gelatin silver print, 17.5 x 23 cm. Studio Victor". Again, this signature was cropped from the book plate. This photo also is undated. Boraïe's topical coverage is bracketed between 1865 and 1939, so there is a chance that the form of Studio Victor's signature changed subsequent to that date. That is a suggestion from Sherif Boraï and my own inferences. Other than the initial "V", all of the other letters on both of these Police Academy group portraits appear to be written in the same hand as those I illustrated here on 19 June, 2024.

I recently looked over the photo of the reverse of the unnamed Sir Harry Smith medal from a 11 December, 2014 auction by Dix Noonan Webb (Lot: 618) that I initially included as the 3rd photo in my post here of 13 March, 2021. I did not previously noticed an apparent indication of a crack, or other flaw, in the reverse of that example, but did see it while checking a reposting of the Dix Noonan Webb photo on the Numista website (https://en.numista.com/catalogue/exonumia413442.html). I also previously illustrated the obverse of this unnamed example as the 2nd photo in my post of 26 April, 2022 because it shows well the name “Hopkins”, the apparent die sinker who executed the Charles Davidson Bell design of this medal, underneath the strip of veld the lion where the lion stands. Above is the high-resolution image of the reverse of this Sir Harry Smith Medal for Gallantry 1851, cropped from the Dix Noonan Webb 11 December, 2014 auction listing (Lot 618), still archived on the Noonans Mayfair website: https://www.noonans.co.uk/auctions/archive/lot-archive/results/258354/. This image can be zoomed for additional details of the flaw. The reverse appears to show a crack I had not seen before. This anomaly extends from the inferior right rim in the ~4:30 position through the “F” in FIELD” and arcs through the lower left margin of the “B” in “BART.”, through the upper portion of the “H” in “SMITH”, and is offset through the top of the “T” in “SMITH”. If this is a crack, I’m surprised it does not seem to have affected the letters much (unlike the crack in the 10:30 position on the reverse of the Thos. Dicks medal, shown well in the 3rd photo in my post here of 1 May, 2022; that same cracked die was also used to strike the medals named to Paul Arendt, Edward Lister Green, and an unnamed medal from the 2016 Baldwins auction). There is some possible effect on the “ F” and maybe the left top of the “T”. This flaw is not seen on any of the other photos I have looked at of other Sir Harry Smith Medals for Gallantry 1851. I don’t know if this identifies another reverse die or if it may be a subsequent crack in a die used previously to strike the reverse of other medals that have been illustrated on this thread and examined by Dr. F. K. Mitchell (Mitchell, F. K., 1955. Sir Harry Smith’s Medal for Gallantry: 1851. Africana Notes and News [Africana Aantekeninge En Nuus] Vol Xi, No. 7: 236-242. Africana Society, Africana Museum, City of Johannesburg (Printed by Cape Times Limited, Johannesburg, see my post here of 23 May, 2021). As noted, because this irregularity does not affect most of the letters, I would appreciate other opinions about whether this is a crack, some other kind of defect in the die, or a striking error.

Returning to Michael Hansson (see above post of 20 June, 2024), below are photos of the commemorative medal he received for participating in the 12 April-8 May, 1937 Montreux Conference on the end of Capitulations in Egypt. Without getting lost in the weeds of detail and nuance, foreign governments coerced a number of concessions from the Egyptian government following the increased commercial trade initially associated with the importance of Egyptian cotton during the hiatus in production during the U.S. Civil War (1861-1865). Later, the construction of the Suez Canal (begun in 1859 and completed in 1869) rapidly boosted world trade, especially to central and eastern Europe. The influx of foreigners, and Khedive Ismail’s modernization program for Egypt during the 19th century, resulted in pressured changes favoring extraterritorial exemptions to the extant Ottoman restrictions on religion, taxation, and legal jurisdiction for foreigners in Egypt. The Mixed Courts were in part an outgrowth of the Capitulations, but were an improvement over the Consular Courts that offered preferential protection of foreigners. The Mixed Courts also were instituted as an Egyptian effort at modernization and reform of the legal complexities associated with the Capitulations, adopting practices from French Civil Codes and British Common Law along with local Islamic legal precepts. Increased activity of Egyptian independence movements in the 1920s made it inevitable that local demands for ending the Capitulations would be addressed by European beneficiaries of those concessions. The Montreux Conference of 12 April-8 May, 1937 formalized the planned abolishment of the Capitulations. Michael Hansson was the Chairman of the Norwegian Delegation to the Conference. Because of his 25-year service on the Mixed Courts he was elected as the President of the Committee on the Mixed Courts Charter, one of two principal committees. A new charter with significant input from the Egyptian delegates, the Revised Mixed Court Charter (Règlement d’Organisation Judiciaire), was signed May 8, 1937. It took over certain jurisdiction that were previously in the Consular Courts and governed the Mixed Courts after 14 October, 1937. The termination of the Mixed Courts did not go into effect until 14 October, 1949. Above is a high-resolution photo of the obverse of the commemorative medal for the 1937 Montreux Conference. This is Michael Hansson’s personal medal and is in excellent condition compared with many examples on the auction market. This photo, ands the one below of the reverse, was taken by Michael Hansson’s grandson, Arthur Hansson, and are copyrighted by him. Mr. Hansson has graciously allowed me to share them with the GMIC audience. The inscription on the obverse translates as: “Kingdom of Egypt”. The medal was designed and struck by Huguenin Frères & Co, Médailleurs, Le Locle (Suisse)", as can be seen on the lower left margin (~8:00 position) of the obverse. This high-resolution image of the reverse of the Hansson 1937 Montreux Conference medal also comes from Arthur Hansson. The inscription translates: “Montreux Conference, Abolition of Capitulations, April May 1937”. The name Huguenin can be seen on the inferior margin of the reverse of the medal in the 6:00 [position. The rectangular hallmark to the right of the Huguenin name is probably a silver purity mark ("925"?) and the triangular-ish mark is almost certainly the hallmark for Huguenin (see below). Huguenin hallmark from a 1920s Swiss metal scent-strip stand was made by Huguenin Freres & Co, le Locle, Switzerland (1868-1999) marked on the base: 'HF HUGUENIN LE LOCLE SWISS MADE FAB. SUISSE' for the perfumer Chuit, Naef & Cie (1895-1945). This image came from Cleopatra's Boudoir, a website dedicate to the history of perfume (https://cleopatrasboudoir.blogspot.com/2013/11/vintage-1920s-swiss-chuit-naef-cie.html). The "HF" refers to Huguenin Frères. Fritz Huguenin, engraver, and his brother Albert Huguenin, engine turner, set up a small minting company in Le Locle, Switzerland in 1868 as die sinkers, jewellers, medallists, and especially design and decoration of watch cases. They issued their first medal in 1899. Above is a moderate-resolution photo of a different case to show the name and address of the manufacturer printed on the inside of the upper lid of the case. The name "Huguenin Frères & Co." postdates the economic troubles of WWI and the 1930s, when they became a limited company in 1934. This example of a case for the 1937 Montreux Conference medal comes from a set in a 19 January, 2019 auction (33, Lot: 2316) by Stephen Album Rare Coin (https://www.sarc.auction/EGYPT-Farouk-1936-1952-gilt-silver-medal-48-03g-1937-EF-AU_i32009976). Stephen Album Rare Coin identifies the medal offered with this case as gilt silve measuring 50 mm in diameter and weighing 48.03 g. The closing of the Mixed Courts 12 years after the conclusion of the 1937 Montreux Conference occurred on 14 October, 1942. It commemorated with a medal, a 10 mill stamp, and at least 4 special postal first day cover envelopes. I have illustrated almost alll of these items previously on this thread. However, as they relate to the results of the 1937 Montreux Conference, I will include them again below. Above is a moderate resolution photo of the bronze version of the commemorative medal issued 14 October, 1949 for the closure of the Mixed Courts, obverse on R and reverse on L (from an archived listing on Medals4Trade: https://www.medals4trade.com/displayimage.php?pid=5593#top_display_media). The Arabic inscription on the obverse translates as: “Farouk I”, “King of Egypt”. The Arabic and French inscriptions on the reverse translate: “End of the Mixed Judicial System, 14·X·49”. This medal was made by Sadek Tewfik Bichay (STB punched on the reverse of the medals and in Arabic on the obverse just below the left side of the bust of King Farouk I), one of the sons of Tewfik Bichay. The odd "triangle" imagery on the reverse of the medals (from the middle to the right had side) is based on the graphics of the stamp issued to commemorate the same closure event of the Mixed Courts on 14-10-1949, and represents a page being tuned over toward the right revealing the scales of justice and the 10 mills value of that stamp (see images below of the stamp). Medals4Trade gives the dimension of the bronze medal as 42 mm and weight as 29-30 g. I have notpreviously illustrated this medal several on this thread. Above is a high-resolution image of the silver issue of the Farouk commemorative medal for the closure of the Mixed Courts. In addition to the “STB” maker’s mark on the right inferior margin of the reverse, just to the right of “MIXTE”, the 3 Egyptian silver hallmarks are visible on the left of the inferior margin to the left of “MIXTE”. Strangely, the cat hallmark for Egyptian-made silver on the reverse of the silver medals was supposedly used only between 1916-1946 appears on this medal struck in 1949, which “should” have used the first of the lotus designs to identify Egyptian-made silver after 1946. From: https://www.icollector.com/EGYPT-Farouk-1936-1952-AR-medal-32-27g-1949-EF_i29825948. The silver medal also is 42 mm in diameter but weights 39 g.I have previously illustrated this medal several time on this thread (1st photo in my post of 3 May, 2018; last photo in my post of 28 February, 2019; 1st phot in my post of 7 July, 2020; and as cropped images of the obverse and reverse as the 3rd, 4th, 5th photos in my post of 7 January, 2021). Block of commemorative stamps with the same imagery and inscription as the commemorative medals (from a former 2018 eBay listing: https://www.ebay.com/itm/EGYPT-1949-Abolition-of-Mixed-Courts-Control-Block-MNH/142950418402?ssPageName=STRK%3AMEBIDX%3AIT&_trksid=p2060353.m1438.l2649). I have previously illustrated this here as the 2nd photo in my post of 17 October, 2018 on this thread. Special Arabic and French first day cover (FDC) envelope for the closing of the Mixed Courts, this inscription translates: “Abolition of Mixed Jurisdictions” and includes the dates the Courts were open 1875-1949 in the book underneath the scales. This FDC was cancelled in Alexandria. From a 2018 eBay auction: https://www.ebay.com/itm/EGYPT-1949-Abolition-of-Mixed-Courts-First-Day-Cover-FDC-Alex-CDs-Rare/142957707271?ssPageName=STRK%3AMEBIDX%3AIT&_trksid=p2060353.m1438.l2649. I have previously illustrated this as the 3rd photo in my post of 17 October, 2018 on this thread. Special Arabic and English language FDC envelope commemorating the closure of the Mixed Courts. This FDC was cancelled in Alexandria. From a 2018 eBay auction: https://www.ebay.com/itm/Egypt-1949-Alexandria-National-Courts-Commemoration-Abolition-Mixed/273338212665?ssPageName=STRK%3AMEBIDX%3AIT&_trksid=p2057872.m2749.l2649. This envelope was previously illustrated on this thread as the 1st photo in my post of 25 October, 2018. Another version of an Arabic and French FDC for the “Abolition of Mixed Jurisdictions”, cancelled in Cairo. From a September 2018 UK eBay offering: https://www.ebay.com/itm/EGYPT-1949-MIXTES-FDC-/283142086028?nordt=true&orig_cvip=true&rt=nc&_trksid=p2047675.m43663.l44720. Previously illustrated as the 1st photo in m y post of 14 November, 2018 on this thread. Arabic and English language FDC with a stamped inscriptions for the “Dissolution of the Mixed Courts” and vulture holding feathers (representing truth, maat, in the Ancient Egyptian scenes of judgement in the underworld following death) motif and cancellations from Port Said. From a 2018 eBay auction: https://www.ebay.ca/itm/DR-WHO-1949-EGYPT-FDC-DISSOLUTION-OF-MIXED-COURTS-CACHET-d52065-/163285951903. I previously showed this envelope as the 2nd photo in my post of 25 October, 2018.

Howdy nickstrenk, The comments were disabled earlier on your post from today so I could not respond here until now. As I'm sure you know, the first badge has the National Flag of Czechoslovakia 1920 - 1990, and for Czechia from 1990. The coat of arms is that of Czechoslovakia until 1960. The inscription reads: “New Czechoslovakia Exhibition”. The round badge reads: "China Posts and Telecommunications Union Zhejiang District Committee”. Cheers, Rusty

I have finally been able to examine and re-frame the 2nd Class Grand Officer Order of Ismail that was awarded to my wife’s great grandfather, Pierre Crabités. I did not get good photos as there was a limited window when the framer had the medals out of the old frame prior to re-mounting them, and I had to take time off from work to go to the shop. The lighting was not good and I did not have my tripod. I was able to identify the date hallmarks on the neck badge and breast star and obtain measurements of each piece. Low-moderate-resolution photo of the obverse of the Crabités neck badge. My measurements identify the height as 80 mm to the top of the star and crescent and 82 mm to the most superior portion of the attachment loop. The width of the star arms is 62 mm. The width of the crown suspension element is 20 mm. There are the three Egyptian gold hallmarks on the right obverse connection between the superior star arm and the crown. A single hallmark of the Cairo assay office identification of 18 k gold is present on the reverse of the body of the crown to the left of the suspension loop. The most distal flower elements on the gold and blue enamel star arms show the most common form of engraving: 3 lateral marks on each side of the flower and a single, longer mark extending into the longest medial petal. The two central flowers show 3 lateral marks and one longer mark in the longer medial petals of each flower. The neck ribbon is faded on the face that has been exposed to sunlight, but retains brighter colors on the reverse. Because of folds to the ribbon and staining from a silicone gel used to adhere the ribbon to its previous mounting, it could not be reversed to show the original colors. The ribbon is 455 mm long by 38 mm wide. The neck ties are 99 mm long. The date hallmark on the reverse of the neck badge is “C”, indicating an assay date of 1928-1929. The gold and blue enamel finial of the lower left star arm is bent slightly backwards. Low-resolution image of the reverse of the Crabités 2nd Class neck badge showing the “LATTES” maker’s mark. Moderate-resolution photo of the obverse of the Crabités 2nd Class breast star. The breast star measures 70 mm in diameter. The most distal gold flowers on the star arms exhibit 2 lateral marks and the single central mark from those 2 marks into the longer central petal. The two middle flowers have 3 lateral marks and a “V”-shaped mark outlining the central longer petals. Overall, the engraving is flowing and elegant. I apologize for the photo cutting off some of the inferior rayed embellishment detail. Moderate-resolution photo of the reverse of the Crabités 2nd Class breast star. The photo does not show the gold and silver hallmarks in detail. The 3 Egyptian gold hallmarks on the reverse of the lower right star arm in the 5:00 position (from this view) show the Cairo assay office mark for 18 k gold, the ibis mark for Egyptian-made gold, and a date hallmark of “Z” =1924-1925. The silver hallmark is located on the rightmost longer ray of the 3 longest rays of the inferior portion of the embellishment. The three hallmarks identify the Cairo assay office mark for 900 silver, the cat mark for Egyptian-made silver, and the date hallmark “Z” =1924-1925. These date hallmarks are of interest to me. I have previously assumed that it would be common for some sets to show different hallmarks only if they were the adjacent two-year grouping (i.e., see photos 1-9 in my post of 22 February, 2019; photos in my post of 3 May 2024 shows another 1st Class set with such adjacent assay dates), indicating manufacture and assay that might have extended across the end of one year into the next (i.e., a date hallmark of “B”, 1927-1928, on one piece and a hallmark of “C”, 1928-1929, on the other element would suggest the pieces were made or assayed in 1928 as the date letters were being changed). I have written about some sets of the Order of Ismail with greater separation of date marks presuming it indicates a seller combining unassociated elements to offer a complete set (i.e., see photos 1-2 in my post of 1 Nov, 2019; photos 3-4 in my post of 15 January, 2020; photos 1-6 in my post of 24 May, 2022 shows date hallmarks of “A” on the sash badge [=1925-26] and “Y” on the breast star [1923-1924] of a 1st Class “set” sold by Auktionhaus Carsten Zeige on 21 May 2022, but the engraving of the gold floral elements of the arms of the breast star is distinctly more elaborate than that of the sash badge, while photos 7-10 of that post how another set with identically elaborate engraving on both elements [but no date hallmarks are visible or noted]; my post of 27 July, 2022 show the same “set” as in the Zeige May 2022 auction sold at a 28 July, 2022 auction by eMedals, with 15 additional photos of that group; my post of 9 November, 2023 shows 3 images of a 2nd Class set with date hallmarks of “Z”=1924-25 that is attributed to an award to a recipient in 1927). Combined unassociated elements could happen intentionally, or unintentionally, but the Crabités set indicates this assumption is not necessarily correct. The separation of the breast star assay date from that of the neck badge by at least 3 years could relate to the return of a set of regalia upon the death of a former recipient (for most Egyptian Orders, except the Order of Mohammed Ali, Star of King Fuad, Medal for Acts of Merit, Medal of Duty, and the Medal of Benevolence, in addition to the Medal of Palestine, Medal of the Centennial of Mohammed Ali, and the Order of Liberation). This is a stated rule about the awards (Hanafy, Magdy, 2023. Encyclopedia of Egyptian Protocol: Collars, Orders, and Medals, 1914-1953. Friends Group for Philately and Numismatics, Cairo. pg 117, from: Summary of The Decree of the Creation of the Order of Ismail, 26th of December, 1922, Fouad), but obviously many recipients’ heirs kept their insignia. It appears that the Crabités set may represent at least one element that was turned back to be re-distributed to the limited 75 living recipients of the 2nd Class Grand Officer Order of Ismail. Whether the latest 1929 date represents a point in time close to when Pierre Crabités was awarded the Order of Ismail cannot be resolved without the brevet that has not yet been identified in some of the possessions still with Crabités descendants. I had expected the award to be closer to the 1933 publication date of his book: Ismail: The Maligned Khedive, George Routledge and Sons, London, possibly because: "…these pages challenge a historical heresy. They refuse to join in the chorus led by Milner, Colvin, and Cromer, and to agree that Ismail Pasha, the first Khedive of Egypt, was a spendthrift, a voluptuary, and a thief. Not even great names can stand up against facts and figures culled from official sources" (Pierre Crabités from the Preface of this book, pg. vii). There is a provision in the Mixed Courts regulations that judges were not supposed to receive decorations or honorary ranks from the government during their service to protect the independence of the judiciary (Brinton, Jasper Yeates, 1930. The Mixed Courts of Egypt, Yale University Press, New Haven, pg. 87). Crabités did not resign from the Courts until 1936. There are apparent instances of judges having received orders, and especially of Egyptians who were raised to Bey of Pasha ranks based on the time of their service, while serving on the Courts. Despite not resolving when Crabités was honored with the Order of Ismail, this has helped me correct an unwarranted assumption I made about the meaning of date hallmark associations. Low-resolution photo of the miniature Order of Ismail that I have added to the framed ensemble. Crabités does not appear to have ever had the miniature of this award. I purchased two miniature Order of Ismail, one (with the ribbon, gold and silver galon, appropriate to the second Class mini, and rosette) that I intended to keep with the Crabités set and the other, without a ribbon, I gave to my wife as a necklace pendant. The miniature measures 20-21 mm in width, 30 mm to the top of the star and crescent element, the crown itself measures 10 mm tall x 9-10 mm in maximum widthe. The ribbon is 24 mm long and 13 mm wide. The rosette is 10 m wide x 5 mm tall, and the galon is 13 mm horizontally and 7 mm vertically. Above is the completed framing of the Crabités Second Class Grand Officer Order of Ismail. The orientation of the neck ribbon has been corrected from the previous mounting of it upside down (with the ties adjacent to the neck badge). I illustrated the past framing in my post of 11 December, 2020 on this thread. I have added the miniature Order of Ismail and taken the portrait of Judge Crabités in his Cairo District Court regalia out of the smaller frame it was inside of in the previous mount. I also removed the Abbas Hilmi II commemorative medal that was in the frame, and mounted it separately with a second example I purchased so that both the obverse and reverse could be viewed I apologize for the skewed position of the mini, it was not sewn down with monofilament and does move slightly, but I can tap the frame edge and get it back to true. I have had it framed with museum quality glass to maximize UV protection of the ribbons and the portrait of Judge Crabités and minimize glare and reflection.

I have previously researched a member of the Mixed Courts from the United State, George Sherman Batcheller, but have not posted much about him here. I recently added a photo of a Spanish judge, Frédéric Rauret y Sugastres whose Mixed Courts badge I recently identified, shown in my post of 26 March, 2024. The photo of Judge Frédéric Rauret came from the George Sherman Batcheller Papers in the New York State Library Manuscript and Special Collections in Albany, NY, USA (Box 10, Folder 27). I received research copies of the cabinet card for Judge Frédéric Rauret in addition to scans of images of Batcheller when he was a judge on the Mixed Courts of Egypt. I am posting those image and information about George Sherman Bathcheller here. George Sherman Batcheller (25 July, 1837-2 July, 1908) was an American jurist from a prominent family, a lawyer, diplomat, and U.S. Civil War soldier from Saratoga Springs, New York. His father, Sherman Batcheller, was a descendant of John Batchellor, one of the judges on the Salem witchcraft trials, and the nephew of a signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, Roger Sherman. Batcheller raised a company of volunteers of the 115th New York Infantry Regiment, and entered the volunteer army as a Major and Lieutenant Colonel in August 1862. He was captured in October 1862 at the Siege of Harper’s Ferry. He was released in December of that year and served with the 10th Army Corps. He was appointed as Inspector General of the Volunteers and National Guard of New York. He was designated as the escort for the body of Abraham Lincoln on behalf of the Governor of New York. Batcheller was initially nominated by President Ulysses S. Grant as a candidate to the newly created Egyptian Mixed Courts, and appointed to the Cairo District Court on 10 November, 1875. He was elected as Chief Justice of the Cairo Court in 1883. He served in that role until resigning on 30 November, 1885. Batcheller was involved with a controversial murder trial in 1880. Appointed as prosecutor because of a lack of staff on the Consular Courts, he tried Stephen Mirzan in those Courts, as a special assignment outside his normal role in the Mixed Courts. Mirzan was accused of killing, Alexandre Dahan, the advisor of the outgoing Viceroy of Egypt, Ismail Pasha. He was convicted and sentenced to death. His sentence was later commuted by President Rutherford Hayes to life imprisonment and he served time in Smyrna until 1883 and then in the Albany State Penitentiary, New York until his release in 1890. Bad press about the trial in America and Europe may have prompted Batcheller to write an article after the trial condemning the nature of the procedures in the Consular Courts, that the judge was a U.S. Minister to the Ottoman Empire and Mirzan was tried without benefit of a jury. Batcheller returned to New York State politics in the U.S. In 1885 but was re-nominated for the Mixed District Court of Cairo again by President Theodore Roosevelt and appointed to the District Court of Cairo on 12 December, 1897. Batcheller was elevated to the Appeals Court on 27 October, 1902 (but not as the President as I erroneously reported from one of my sources in my post here of 26 March, 2024) and served on that Court until his death in Paris from mouth cancer on 2 July, 1908. Obverse of the cabinet card showing a young George Sherman Batcheller. Undated portrait, almost certainly taken between 1875-1885, and probably closer to 1875 when Batcheller was first appointed to the Mixed Courts. The photo shows him in the stambouline coat and tarboosh, but without his sash and badge. Photo by E. Bechard & Cie. (Photo from: New York State Library, George Sherman Batcheller 1837-1908 Papers, 1825-1843, bulk 1858-1908, Box 10, Folder 3). Reverse of the Cabinet card of George Sherman Batcheller. Undated portrait, as noted probably taken between 1875-1885 during Batcheller’s first appointment to the Mixed Courts. E. Bechard & Cie., Alexandrie, Egypte (photo from: New York State Library, George Sherman Batcheller 1837-1908 Papers, 1825-1843, bulk 1858-1908, Box 10, Folder 3). Cabinet card portrait of an older George Sherman Batcheller, probably from his second appointment to the Mixed Courts as a judge, 1902-1908 (photo from: New York State Library, George Sherman Batcheller 1837-1908 Papers, 1825-1843, bulk 1858-1908, Box 10, Folder 5). There are two copies of this portrait in the George Sherman Batcheller Papers. Reverse of this cabinet card portrait of George Sherman Batcheller, Helios Photographie, Alexandrie & Caire, Egÿpte (photo from: New York State Library, George Sherman Batcheller 1837-1908 Papers, 1825-1843, bulk 1858-1908, Box 10, Folder 5). Obverse of the second copy of the cabinet card portrait of George Sherman Batcheller (note the photo is pasted over part of the “Helios” studio name and over the “Alexandrie” in the lower right corner so only “& Caire” is visible. (Photo from: New York State Library, George Sherman Batcheller 1837-1908 Papers, 1825-1843, bulk 1858-1908, Box 10, Folder 5). Reverse of the same second copy of the Helios Photographie cabinet card showing a slightly darker print of the studio name than on the first copy reverse of this portrait (photo from: New York State Library, George Sherman Batcheller 1837-1908 Papers, 1825-1843, bulk 1858-1908, Box 10, Folder 5). Obverse of a cabinet card portrait of George Sherman Batcheller. This version is enlarged, cropped and dodged from the negative of the previous two portraits. (Photo from: New York State Library, George Sherman Batcheller 1837-1908 Papers, 1825-1843, bulk 1858-1908, Box 10, Folder 5). Reverse of the enlarged, cropped and dodged version of the George Sherman Batcheller cabinet card, Helios Photographie, Alexandrie & Caire, Egÿpte. (Photo from: New York State Library, George Sherman Batcheller 1837-1908 Papers, 1825-1843, bulk 1858-1908, Box 10, Folder 5). Obverse of a painted portrait based on the cabinet card photo above that is enlarged, cropped and dodged from the image of the Batcheller sitting in a chair. This shows the correct color of his tarboosh and red District Court sash. The sash color indicates this is probably a portrait from after his 1897 re-appointment to the District Court of Cairo and prior to his appointment as judge to the Appeals Court in 1902 (his sash would have been green for the Appeals Court), Batcheller served on the Cairo District Courts from 1875-1885 and in 1897-1902. (Photo from: New York State Library, George Sherman Batcheller 1837-1908 Papers, 1825-1843, bulk 1858-1908, Box 10, Folder 5). Reverse of the hand tinted image of George Sherman Batcheller on a Helios Photographie cabinet card. (Photo from: New York State Library, George Sherman Batcheller 1837-1908 Papers, 1825-1843, bulk 1858-1908, Box 10, Folder 5). Engraving of George Sherman Batcheller, probably from a photographic portrait by Atelier Reiser of Alexandrie & Caire (see envelope bellow). His older visage suggests this photo postdates his re-appointment to the Mixed Courts in 1897. (Photo from: New York State Library, George Sherman Batcheller 1837-1908 Papers, 1825-1843, bulk 1858-1908, Box 10, Folder 7). Envelope for the above portrait showing the Atelier Reiser name, and identifies this as Reiser & Binder, Alexandrie & le Caire, (Egypte). I do not know when Binder was added to the studio name (Photo from: New York State Library, George Sherman Batcheller 1837-1908 Papers, 1825-1843, bulk 1858-1908, Box 10, Folder 7). Portrait of George Sherman Batcheller by G. Lekegian & Co., studio, Cario (Egypt), wearing none of his court regalia. The awards he wears indicate this portrait must post-date 1889 (when he was awarded the Italian Order of the Crown). The image can be zoomed for som additional detail of his decorations. His white moustache suggests this is a later portrait than the above engraving. Batcheller wears the neck badge and breast star of the 2nd Class Order of Medjidie that was awarded to him 1n 1884. He wears the sash, sash badge and breast star of the 1st Class Grand Cordon Italian Order of the Crown (awarded 1889). The medal to the viewer’s right of the round medal on his chest is the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (appointed 1887). I do not know what miniature award Batcheller wears on his lapel nor what the round chest medal is. Batcheller also was awarded the French National Legion of Honor (Commander) sometime in the last year of his life, 1908. (Photo from: New York State Library, George Sherman Batcheller 1837-1908 Papers, 1825-1843, bulk 1858-1908, Box 10, Folder 6). Obverse of a brooch with the bust of George Sherman Batcheller (photo courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History. ID # C.S. 037922; Catalog number 037922; Accession #: 117577). This brooch probably belonged to his daughter Katherine (Kate) Batcheller. The presence of this item (“brooch”) in the Smithsonian collection was mistakenly identified as probably being Batcheller’s judicial badge in the 3 November, 2008 auction (#80) of a Froment-Meurice Mixed Courts District badge (Lot 3) formerly archived on the Sixbid.com website (see my post on this thread of 20 October, 2021), as well as in the published catalog of the Tammann Collection (2008. Ordern aus Aller Welt: Samlung Tammann, 80- Auktion, 4-5 November 2008. UBS, AG, Gold & Numismatik Basel, Basel, pg 40). I contacted the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History to determine whether they had Batcheller's judicial badge and was provided the information that the only other item in the collection (in addition to a uniform [https://www.si.edu/search/collection-images?edan_local=&edan_q=George%2B%2F%2Fsherman%2BBAtcheller&] and a presentation sword [https://www.si.edu/object/sword-presented-george-batcheller:nmah_420453]) was this brooch. Reverse of the same brooch (photo courtesy of the in the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History. ID # C.S. 037922; Accession #: 117577). The Smithsonian does not have the judicial badge of George Sherman Batcheller. The Batcheller Mansion in Saratoga Springs, New York (from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Sherman_Batcheller#/media/File:Batcheller_Mansion_Saratoga_Springs_NY.jpg). The Batcheller Mausoleam in the forma of an ancient Egyptian mastaba tomb in Greenridge Cemetery, Saratoga Springs, NY, designed by R. Newton Brezee (from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Sherman_Batcheller#/media/File:Batcheller_Mausoleum.jpg). This image can be zoomed to read the inscriptions for George Sherman Batcheller, his wife, Catherine Phillips Cook, and his daughter Katherine Batcheller.

I was recently contacted by the grandson of Michael Hansson (19 November, 1875-5 December, 1944), an illustrious member of the Egyptian Mixed Courts whom I have mentioned several times on this thread. Arthur Hansson found me through searching for information about his grandfather’s Order of Ismail and Mixed Courts Court badge, and GMIC provided the identifications he was interested in and my contact information. We have corresponded over a number of topics related to his grandfather. He has generously provided photographs of his grandfather’s badge and permitted me to write about the it and present the photographs he sent to me. Mr. Hansson also gave me with a translated copy of his grandfather’s CV, and information about other awards he received, including the 1st Class Grand Cordon Order of Ismail. Above is my favorite photo of Michael Hansson showing him in his judicial regalia, taken in 1912 while he was serving as a judge and President of the Mixed District Court of Mansourah. I have previously used this image in my post of 3 May 2018 and as the 6th photo in my post of 18 April, 2019, both on this thread. I also have included this portrait in my post about Hansson on 9 December, 2019 on the thread “Question about the Order of Ismail/Nishan-al-Ismail” (in addition to a photo of him accepting the Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of the Nansen International Office for Refugees). Three additional photos of Michael Hansson are included as the 7th-9th photos in the 18 April, 2019 on this thread. Those images show him 1) as the President of the District Court of Mansourah 1911-1913 (7th photo, this is cropped from the 1907 image mentioned next); 2) with 9 other judges on the Court of Mansourah in 1907 (8th photo); 3) and as Vice-President of the Mixed Court of Appeals (9th photo, also shown below on this post). All three of those images were published in Les Juridictions Mixtes d'Égypte 1876-1926: Livre d'or Édité sous le Patronage du Conseil de l’Ordre des Avocats á l’Occasion du Cinquantenaire des Tribunaux de la Réforme, par le: Journal des Tribunaux Mixtes. Alexandrie, Egypte, Février 1926, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Mixed Courts. The above photo of Michael Hansson comes from a biography of Hansson on the Norwegian biographical website Norske Biografisk Leksikon (https://nbl.snl.no/Michael_Hansson) of the Store Norske Leksiskon (Great Norwegian Lexicon) titled: “Michael Hansson som dommer i Al-Mansurah, 1912 Michael Hansson, Av Ukent/※. Lisens: Begrenset gienbruk" [Michael Hansson as judge in Al-Mansourah,1912, by Unknown {photographer}/License: Limited Reuse]. This portrait also is the 2nd photographic plate, opposite page 17, in Hansson’s posthumously published autobiography: Hansson, Michael. 1946. 25 År I Egypt (25 Years in Egypt), Forlagt Av H. Aschehoug & Co., Oslo. Above is a high-resolution photo of Michael Hansson’s Judge’s badge in its case, still in the possession of his family. This photo, and the other 4 illustrated below, were provided by his grandson, Arthur Hansson. These images are copyrighted by Arthur M. Hansson. The badge was made by Rudolf Stobbe (it has Stobbe’s maker’s mark on the reverse, see below). The badge appears to be completely gilt, which would have been appropriate to his tenure on the Appeals Court from 1915-1931. The inside of the lid reads: “RUDOLF STOBBE, G.M.B.H., JOAILLERIE, ALEXANDRIE”. Given Hansson’s appointment to the Appeals Court in 1915, it is a fair assumption that this would be close to the date when he obtained this badge. This legend is different from the only other interior case lid for a Stobbe-made judicial badge I have seen, that of the Crabités badge (see the 1st and 5th photos in my post of 2 December, 2019 on this thread). The case for the Pierre Crabités badge (the badge is engraved with his appointment date of 19 June,1911) reads: “R. STOBBE, Joaillier, ALEXANDRIE, (L’EGYPTE)”. Above is a photo from the 1926 publication celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Mixed Courts, the Les Juridictions Mixtes d'Égypte 1876-1926: Livre d'or Édité sous le Patronage du Conseil de l’Ordre des Avocats á l’Occasion du Cinquantenaire des Tribunaux de la Réforme while Hansson served as Vice-President of the Court of Appeal (pg. 50). He is almost certainly wearing the badge shown in this post. Michael Hansson (19 November 1875-5 December, 1944 was first appointed to the Mixed Courts of Egypt on 1 January, 1907. He was made Vice-President of the Mansourah Court in 1911, and elevated to the President in the same year. Hansson was transferred to the District Court of Alexandrian the 8 October, 1913. He was transferred to the Appeals Court on 13 April, 2015 after an Austro-German judge departed his position in relation to WWI (probably Adalbert Bela De Zoltan, who joined the District Courts of Alexandria on 16, October, 1912 as President and was decommissioned on 31 January, 1915). Hansson was appointed to the Vice-Presidnency of the Appeals Court on 27 October, 1924. Michael Hansson was elevated to President of the Appeals Court in 1927 and served in that role until his retirement form the Courts on 1 July, 1931. He subsequently was Norway’s delegate on the conference in Montreux regarding the capitulations of the Mixed Courts in Egypt in 1937, and worked for several human rights organizations, especially in relation issues about refugees, such as the Permanent Court of Arbitration in the Hague, and the Nansen International Office for Refugees (accepting the Nobel Peace Prize for Nansen on 10 December, 1938). Hansson's posthumous autobiography about his life in Egypt (25 År I Egypt, referenced above) was published in 1946. Above is a high-resolution of the judicial badge of Michael Hansson. There appear to be some spots of wear to the gilt of this Appeals Court badge. As Hansson served very actively and for a long time (16 years) on the Appeals Court, it is not surprising that his badge shows a fair bit of wear and scratches to the central calligraphic tablet. This image shows well two distinctive aspects of the Stobbe-made badges: 1) most obviously, the left leaning 5th vertical stroke (from the R) that is slightly out of parallel with the others (the alif vertical stroke of laam, that is slanting toward one noktah); 2) the upside down orientation of the 3 tuğ of the tughra within the Order of Medjdie element (see the 11th-15th photos in my post of 7 September, 2021). There are some slight differences in the execution of diacritical marks on Stobbe badges (see the comparisons in my post of 6 September, 2021: 10th-13th and 19th-21st photos). The calligraphy of the Hansson badge is identical to that on the Crabités badge (13th photo in my 6 September, 2021 post), and appears to be that same as two other badges in that 6 September post comparing calligraphic inscriptions. The Hansson and Crabités calligraphy also appears to be the same as one from a 2014 Balwin’s auction (Lot 844, shown as the 11th photo in that 6 September post) and the inscription on a badge that was attributed to M. Laurencin & Cie, of Alexandria by La Galerie Numismatique in a 2012 offering (Lot 323, but is a Stobbe-made badge), illustrated as the 19th image in the same 6 September 2021 post. The Baldwin’s and La Galerie Numismatique badge calligraphy are represented by lower-resolution photos, so the comparison of the diacritical marks to Hansson’s badge are less straightforward. Reverse of the Michael Hansson Appeals Court badge. Note the tape underneath the hinge of the tunic pin with his faded name (only the “. sson” is visible in this photo). When enlarged, at the distal end of the tunic pin, the “STOBBE, ALEXANDRIA” maker’s mark can be seen along with two other marks not present on any other Stobbe-made or other maker's judges badges. To the right of the tunic pin is the mark “900” that probably refers to the badge being 90% silver (with vermail) and to the left is the Ancient Egyptian ankh symbol of life or breath. See below. Image of the inferior portion of the reverse of the Hanssson badge with the tunic pin open showing the punched Stobbe maker's mark and associated marks. Just for the fun of how Judge Hansson's career in Egypt still resonates with his family, I was sent the above photo and story from Hansson's grandson. Arthur Hansson's father, Michael S. Hansson, stated a small company in 1951 called Ramses Shipping (apparently named for a donkey he had while growing up in Egypt, not the technically the Pharaoh). The company owned several tankers and they were marked on their smokestacks with the above symbol of the ankh on a flag as on this pin. The company closed after M. S. Hansson's death, but the family still fly this flag at their summer residence.

I have two portraits of unidentified individuals on the Mixed Courts to add and a few portraits of officials of the Indigenous Courts. Two of these image come from a lovely recent oversize publication with great photographic plates documenting photo studios in Egypt from the mid 19th century-the early mid 20th century: Sherif Boraïe (compiler and editor), Introduction by Youssef Rakha, 2021. A Face in Time: Egypt Photo Studios 1865-1939. Zeitouna, Dar el-Kutub (ISBN: 978 977 5864 32 1). Portrait of an unknown Mixed Courts official (judge?) from: Sherif Boraïe, 2021. A Face in Time: Egypt Photo Studios 1865-1939. Zeitouna, pg 85. The caption reads: "Albumen carte de cabinet, 13.5x21.5 cm. Dated 25 February, 1894. Fettel & Bernard, Alexandria." Credit = courtesy of Saamir Rabat. Undated photo of an unidentified Mixed Court official (judge?) showing fairly well the details of the sash decorative bow and metallic fringe. This particular sash is interesting as it appears to represent tricolored rather than the normal 2 colors (red and green). 134 x 193 mm. Close up of the studio name in the lower right corner of the above undated portrait. I have not unambiguously identified the name or location of this studio (the writing looks like "Vietoy"?). However my best inference is that is most likely Studio Victor whose location in Egypt is not specified (the Studio Victor name appears on page 10 in the introduction by Youssef Rakha to the Sherif Boraïe, 2021 volume cited above, but no image of the studio signature is shown in the two Police Academy group portraits attributed to Studio Victor on pp. 228-229, that are from the Pierre Sioufi collection). See the 2 next images below for additional views of the same studio signature. Undated image from a 2022 eBay offering (https://www.ebay.com/itm/313893059311?hash=item49157bfaef:g:lHQAAOSweBNiGr1U). This Egyptian official wears the an unusual sash with the dark center strip and two equal-sized bordering lighter stripes. The crescent and 3 stars (on some individuals greater or fewer numbers of stars, I do not yet know what those variations signify) are the insignia of the Indigenous Courts. This photo was identified as measuring 15 x 14 cm (?) and it appears to be a proof shot with "PROV Viatoy" (?)" - Victor? - written in the lower right of the photo (there is no mat). The same subject as in the above proof portrait shown here as a better photo on a mat, dated to 1952 and showing the same studio signature as on the 2nd photo in this post and in the above proof example (Victor?). From a 2022 eBay offering (https://www.ebay.com/itm/313893059311?hash=item49157bfaef:g:lHQAAOSweBNiGr1U). identified as an original print, 15 x 11 cm. Undated and unidentified image that appears to represent officials of the Egyptian Indigenous Courts showing a diversity of sashes and several individuals wearing sashes similar to that shown in the above portrait. I do not know which parts of the Indigenous Courts system had officials who more traditional garb with these kinds of sashes (see also the 22nd photo in my post of 6 April, 2020 on this thread showing a portrait of Indigenous Court official in a jellabiya and turban wearing a 3-striped sash with a crescent with 3 large stars above it, 3 smaller stars above those, and 3 smaller stars below the crescent. The 24th image in that post shows the same man in a modern office without his sash and insignia and the 25th shows him standing outside on a boardwalk, also without his sash. The above uncredited photo is from an article by Samy A. Ayoub, Institutional erasure: legal pluralism in colonial Egypt. Canopy Forum On the Inteactions of Law & Religion, February 23, 2022 (https://canopyforum.org/2022/02/23/institutional-erasure-legal-pluralism-in-colonial-egypt/). Group portrait of individuals of the Indigenous Court (an individual standing at the far left in the second row could not be included as scanning this image cut him off). From Sherif Boraïe, 2021. A Face in Time: Egypt Photo Studios 1865-1939. Zeitouna, pp. 234-235. The caption reads: "Judges of the court. Gelatin silver print. 29x38 cm. Photo Charles, Caire". Credit = the Pierre Sioufi collection. Other photos I have included on this thread also show that the Indigenous Court staff usually wore western-style jackets (see especially the 6th, 7th, 9th-14th photos in my post of 1 April, 2020) and few earlier images of them show the Egyptians wearing stambouline coats. The Indigenous Courts also went through renovations seen as modernizations in 1883 (see my post of 31 May, 2022 on this thread).

A current Liverpool Medals listing included a named Royal Niger Company Medal, bar Nigeria, officially numbered 19 (https://www.liverpoolmedals.com/product/royal-niger-company-medal), accompanied with good quality photo. The description reads: "Royal Niger Company Medal, bar Nigeria, officially numbered “19”, a very rare medal to locally recruited forces serving under the Royal Niger Company. Produced and named by Spink & Son circa 1899 on behalf of the Royal Niger Company. Rim officially impressed with the number “19”. A very low issue number, corresponding to that of Private Awudu Dishi, who served in the Royal Niger Constabulary at the time. He would receive from the British Government the matching East and West Africa Company Medal, with clasp Nigeria. Only about 1,000 of these medals were issued numbered in Bronze at the time to the locally employed Soldiers and Police in the region. The 1000 medals were numbered between the ranges of 1 and 2342, however it would only be issued to such a small number of recipients as they had to be still in the employment of the Royal Niger Company at the time of the medals issue to be given the medal. Right as the medal was being issued, during 1899, the Royal Charter for the Royal Niger Company was revoked, the British Government purchasing all their territories owned by the company, forming the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria." The image on the Liverpool Medals listing is high-resolution, it can be zoomed for additional details.

An apparently uncommon Transport Medal Boer War Isle of Man was just listed in a new announcement by Liverpool Medals (https://www.liverpoolmedals.com/product/transport-medal-boer-war-isle-of-man). The description reads: "Transport Medal, bar S. Africa 1899-1902, George Stanley Costain, the young Purser of S.S. Victorian , later Chief Steward of the Merchant Navy during WW1, Born on the Isle of Man. Officially impressed: “G. S. Costain” Confirmed on the medal roll, which notes that he was one of 4 Pursers of the Leyland Line who received the medal, his medal being issued to the Transport Officer at Liverpool on 28th July 1904. A further page on the medal roll dated 22nd Feb 1904 provides a nomination for the medal reading: “Would you kindly include the following as eligible for the Transport Medal: – Purser, Leyland Line, G.S. Costain, S.S. Victorian, S.A. Clasp.” For his services during the Boer War of 1899-1902, Purser Costain received one of 12 medals awarded to the Leyland Line’s ship, S.S. Victorian, as one of her Officers, under command of Master F. Shepherd. A rare medal with only 1,822 medals being awarded, it was only issued to the Officers of the ships involved, and excluding the Seamen etc. George Stanley Costain, was according to his Merchant Navy records was born in Douglas, on the Isle of Man, on 16th July 1879, the home of his father. Some census entries record him as born in Lancs, Liverpool, he appears to have been hanging on to his heritage as a “Manxman” where possible, George maintained on various official records that he was born in Douglas. His father Robert Costain (Born 1840), shared the same profession, being born in Douglas, the Isle of Man he came to Liverpool through work as a Ship’s Steward, where he met George’s Mother, Sarah, who had come to Liverpool from her home of Bangor, County Down, Ireland. After retirement from the sea his father was a Pub or “Public House” Manager in Liverpool. BOER WAR During the Boer War in South Africa, as a young Purser of about 19-20 years old George served on board the requisitioned S.S. Victorian of the Leyland Line. From the 23rd November 1899, Victorian was Transport Number 66. On 3rd December 1900 she left South Africa carrying 199 Prisoners of War to Saint Helena, arriving there on 11th December. It was reported that later on, on 16th January 1902, the Victorian arrived in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada via Cape Verde to embark a detachment of the Canadian Mounted Rifles over to South Africa, and that she was to leave a week later. However, another note records that in January 1902, the Victorian had left South Africa carrying 77 POWs to St Helena, arriving there on 10th February. Her last Journey seems to be on 9th July 1902, departing South Africa carrying 27 Officers, 650 Men, and 506 horses back home to Southampton. The Gloucester Citizen recalls: “RETURNING GLOUCESTERS The S.S. VIctorian left Cape Town for England on July 9th, having on board, among others, the 3rd Battalion Gloucester Regiment, Captain J. Menzies, 2nd Glosters, and 100 Reservists.” Also on board was “50 Hants Imperial Yeomen, sailed for England on the S.S. Victorian.” The Admiralty finally returned her back to the Leyland Line on 1st August 1902, after 534 days of service throughout the war. WORLD WAR 1 After the end of the Boer War, George continued working in his career with the Merchant Navy. He would take part in World War 1 as a member of the Merchant Navy. Crew Lists for 1915, placed him on Board the ship Caledonian, a Cruiser Liner of the Leyland Line as Chief Steward under Master J.C. Carnon. On 7th February 1916 the ship arrived in Egypt landing troops. During 1926, George was taken in to the Seaman’s Hospital at Royal Albert Docks in London, where he died on 29th July 1926." The photos accompanying the listing are shown below, They can be zoomed for additional details:

Coincidentally with the recent start of this thread, a Cape Copper Company Medal for the Defence of O’okiep just appeared in the latest listing of medals being offered by Liverpool Medals, SKU: J8898 (https://www.liverpoolmedals.com/product/defence-of-ookiep-medal). The description reads: "Medal for the Defence of O’okiep, Bronze, 484 Private Cornelius Van Heever, 1st Namaqualand Border Scouts; A very rare medal, awarded locally to the defenders of the mining town of Okiep during the Boer War. Officially impressed: “C. Van Heever”. Confirmed on the medal roll, earning a matching Queen’s South Africa, with bar Cape Colony, for his service with the 1st Namaqualand Border Scouts. During the Boer War, the Siege of O’okiep lasted from 4th April to 4th May 1902. According to the nominal rolls for his unit, the Namaqualand Border Scouts, Cornelius first signed on with the unit on 12th March 1901, and was discharged on 30th June 1902. This medal is a bit more interesting that your typical Namaqualand Town Guard man as he was already fighting in the region before the siege began. The Colonials in South Africa 1899-1902, transcribed by Angloboerwar.com provides the following information on the unit’s services: The Namaquland Border Scouts, about 360 strong, was almost wholly recruited from half-castes. In the words of a British officer who, although not belonging to them, saw much of their work: “they were an excellent force, which did a great deal of hard patrol work under Colonel White, and had several stiff brushes with the enemy. They were conspicuous for consistently refusing to surrender when surrounded, as patrols were at times. They would keep up a fight till dark, and although half of them were killed the survivors of the party would escape. They made wonderful marches without water in their desert country”. The work of the regiment was very similar to that of the Border Scouts. The corps was employed in their own district in 1901 and 1902, and had the good fortune to be part of the garrison of Ookiep when that town was besieged in April 1902. The force which held the town made a most excellent defence, and were complimented by Lord Kitchener. Lieutenant Watkinson was wounded at Ookiep on 13th April. In March 1902 a detachment at Garies had fighting on various occasions. Lieutenant Darter was killed on the 18th and Squadron Quartermaster Bidmead on the following day. The Mentions gained were as follows:— LORD KITCHENER’S DESPATCH: 23rd June 1902.—Captain H G Maddison; Lieutenant Rich; Sergeant G Muller; Quartermaster Sergeant L S Panizza; Private B Links." It is accompanied with a high resolution image of the obverse and reverse shown below. This photo can be zoomed for greater detail.

Howdy All, Magdy Hanafy sent copies of his book to me and I have 2 copies left if anyone wants one. They are hardcover (the eBay copies are soft cover). The price is 2/3 of what they were sold for on eBay. I will charge only what the author charged me and am happy to ship a copy and let you know the postage cost to be reimbursed after you get your copy. 🙏 Cheers, Rusty