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Thank you very much, Chris! I wasn't sure about the silhouette but the roundel made me think of Libya even though other countries used or still use those colors today (Egypt and Yemen for example). Many Libyans were enrolled in Yugoslav Military Academies, especially Air Force Academy, besides that a certain number of Yugoslav flight instructors were sent to Libya. It's interesting to mention that Libya purchased over 100 Yugoslav Soko G-2 Galeb jets.

Thanks, these are very nice especially compared to some other examples I've seen before, congrats!

By the way it was reintroduced in 2006 and Serbian Air Force uses it today. The adopted solution was criticized because of the color pattern.

Thanks

Very nice, thanks for sharing! Are hallmarks readable?

I think I saw that type of fakes before. They look relatively decent on photos, might fool newcomers, but a fellow collector told me it's a different story when you hold them in your hands. I can't say for sure but based on these photos the badge looks "flat", somewhat porous yellowish back side also speaks for itself. Also five-pointed red star is separately made and then applied to the badge on original insignia...

Very interesting, thanks for sharing! I really like royal era roundel with white Kosovo Cross.

I class, IKOM Zagreb, converted by ZIN Belgrade Remade 1.2.2, number, hallmarks (rooster & IKOM) and Roman numeral III on the back side. Belgrade factory converted it into I class and replaced the screw with vertical needle with inscription "ZIN KOVNICA".

Some time ago I bought a nice set of pins of various Yugoslav military schools and academies, among them was this one. If I remember well the seller wrote it's a badge of a foreign students (not sure from which country) enrolled in the Yugoslav Air Force Academy. Unfortunately I can't read the inscription so I'd be grateful if someone could help me with translation. Airplane silhouette and opened book below it do suggest it might be related to some Air Force educational institution.

First raw: Type 1.1.1, ZIN Belgrade (with 3 rivets) Type 1.1.1, ZIN Belgrade Type 1.1.2, ZNB Belgrade Second raw: Type 1.2.1, IKOM Zagreb Type 1.2.2, IKOM Zagreb Type 1.2.3, IKOM Zagreb, remade by ZIN/ZNB Third raw: Type 1.2.4, IKOM Zagreb, remade by IKOM Type 1.3 ZNB Belgrade Type 2.1.1 IKOM Zagreb, remade by ZIN Fourth raw: Type 2.1.2 IKOM Zagreb, remade by IKOM Type 2.2 ZIN Belgrade Type 2.3 IKOM Zagreb

Let's say typical Bertrand pieces look just like that one on emedals and typical Scheid pieces look like the other one from my previous posts. I've seen that Scheid's order in Car/Muhić book and to honest that's a bit of a puzzle to me. It looks just like Bertrand made order and even the authors state so. If I'm not mistaken there's a hallmark on its suspension ring, perhaps that's how they determined the producer. Anyway that particular example is very unusual for Scheid. One more thing, generally speaking Scheid's pieces are hallmarked while Bertrand's aren't.

Type 2.3 IKOM Zagreb Unnumbered, double horizontal needle.

Type 2.2 ZIN Belgrade Unnumbered, vertical needle with inscription "ZIN KOVNICA".

Type 2.1.2 IKOM Zagreb, remade by IKOM Remade 1.2.2, number, hallmarks (rooster & IKOM) and Roman numeral on the back side. Zagreb factory replaced the screw with double horizontal needle, removed the gilt from the star and gilded the combatant. Type 2 awarded in 1974 but the box and the document bear pre-1973 name.

Type 2.1.1 IKOM Zagreb, remade by ZIN Remade 1.2.2, number, hallmarks (rooster & IKOM) and Roman numeral on the back side. Belgrade factory replaced the screw with vertical needle with inscription "ZIN KOVNICA", removed the gilt from the star and gilded the combatant.

Type 1.3 ZNB Belgrade Unnumbered, Roman numeral on the back side. Vertical needle with inscription "ZNB KOVNICA".

Back side.

Type 1.2.4, IKOM Zagreb, remade by IKOM Remade 1.2.2, number, hallmark (IKOM) and Roman numeral on the back side. Zagreb factory replaced the screw with double horizontal needle. Numbers range from 126K to 164K (?).

I'd still put my money on Bertrand. Here's a comparison, Bertrand is on the left, Scheid is on the right. Bertrand found HERE. Scheid found HERE.

Type 1.2.3, IKOM Zagreb, remade by ZIN/ZNB Remade 1.2.2, number, hallmarks (rooster & IKOM) and Roman numeral on the back side. Belgrade factory replaced the screw with vertical needle without inscription.

Type 1.2.2, IKOM Zagreb Number, hallmarks (rooster & IKOM) and Roman numeral on the back side. Narrower screw nut with inscription "IKOM ZAGREB". Numbers range from 71K to 192K (?). Considering that there are 1.1.2 examples with numbers ranging between 78K to 82K (at least), I believe there's some overlapping. So far I've seen both 1.1.2 and 1.2.2 with 78K and 79K numbers... Incorrect inscription on the box, "Orden za zasluge za narod" instead of "Orden zasluge za narod" ("Order for Merits for the People" instead of "Order of Merits for the People").

Type 1.2.1, IKOM Zagreb Number, silver hallmark (rooster in hexagon - .800 fineness) and Roman numeral on the back side. Wider screw nut with inscription "IKOM ZAGREB" (Industrial Mint Orešković Marko). Numbers range from around 20K to 70K. Some examples were not hallmarked.

Type 1.1.2, ZNB Belgrade Number and Roman numeral on the back side. Narrower screw nut with inscription "Z.N.B. KOVNICA" (The Institute of National Bank - Mint). Based on what I've seen so far numbers range from 78K to 82K (?) but there are also examples with numbers between 194K and 200K. Numbers on IKOM 1.2.1 range from 20K to 77K so placing that variant in the classification before this one also makes sense. I decided to put it (1.1.2) together with 1.1.1 because they were both made in Belgrade with the screw nut practically being their only difference.

Just one more 1.1.1 with number between 70K and 77K.

On the earliest orders one can see three rivets the back side which are keeping the combatant in place. Examples with numbers over 2K don't have visible rivets.