paja

Greetings Lukasz and thanks for expressing your opinion. As most of us interested in Yugoslav decorations know there were three types of miniatures: type 1 two-side on vertical ribbon, type 2 with "0" suspension ring on horizontal ribbon and type 3 with "8" suspension ring also on horizontal ribbon. I believe that all three were made by official producers. I have never heard of or found any information about privately made miniatures, do you perhaps know more about this, which manufacturers made them, photos of examples...? If faking implies an intentional action of providing or selling a copy as an original, then it is the correct term for the most of the examples I used. But then what's the difference between fake and copy? Just that intention?

You're welcome Paul. Across the street is the Cemetery of the Liberators of Belgrade 1944 with remains of 1.386 Yugoslav fighters and 711 fighters of the Soviet Red Army. Apart from Russian there are British, French and Italian but also Austro-Hungarian and Bulgarian WW1 military graveyards at Novo groblje complex. German WW1 military graveyard is on the other part of city called Banovo Brdo (if someone's interested I can give more precise information about it). Interesting thing about that location is that Mackensen ordered that all of the fallen defenders of Belgrade are to be buried next to the Germans. There's even a monument with inscription "Serbian Heroes Rest Here" in German and Serbian (Hier ruhen serbische Helden - Овде почивају српски јунаци 1915). Because of that and respect he had for Serbian troops he is probably the most respected enemy in Serbia. Also Germans unlike troops of other occupiers didn't commit any atrocities, at least not that I know of.

Eagles + Monogram (worn by king's adjutants together with aiguillette).

Same mundir, epaulettes without eagles.

Generals' grand mundir belonged to vojvoda Bojović, notice the eagles on epaulettes (National Museum Čačak).

Air force - Captain 1st class (6th Fighter Regiment), lieutenant colonel. +Air force emblem, pilot's badge, dagger, shapka, flight book... Photos from exhibition "1941 - 70 years later" found on Royal family website. http://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-81949400-1416254358.jpghttp://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-91637400-1416254379.jpg

(Oval) epaulettes were worn on ceremonial uniforms until 1927.

Infantry lieutenant colonels' epaulettes (National Museum Niš).

Senior infantry officers' mundir with epaulettes belonged to Miloš Cvetić (National Museum Kragujevac - same as the last two pairs).

Infantry colonel 2.

Infantry colonel 1.

Detail.

Artillery Major (8th Artillery Regiment) http://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-53570300-1416250177.jpghttp://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-37945000-1416250188.jpg

Page in Serbian with some interesting information: http://fondacijaruskinekropolj.rs/o-ruskom-nekropolju/ The whole complex was recently renewed.

Around the crypt is Russian Necropolis with around 3000 remains of Russian emigres and Iverskaya Chapel, an exact copy of the chapel that was demolished by the Bolsheviks in Moscow’s Red Square. http://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-88011300-1416248432.jpghttp://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-68208700-1416248443.jpghttp://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-73408500-1416248458.jpg

Cross of Russian People's Opolchenie (Русское Народное Ополчение) - For Faith, Tzar and Fatherland (За Веру, Царя и Отечество). http://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-35098200-1416248171.jpghttp://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-01911700-1416248184.jpghttp://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-24693400-1416248194.jpg

"To our brothers Russians bravely fallen during defense of Belgrade, on Thessaloniki front and other parts of Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1914-1918" (Храбро палој браћи Русима при одбрани Београда, на Солунском фронту и осталој територији Краљевине Југославије 1914-1918). http://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-32882000-1416246999.jpghttp://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-17265300-1416247008.jpghttp://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-56835400-1416247015.jpg

"Eternal glory to the Emperor Nicholas II and 2 000 000 Russian soldiers of the Great War" (Вечная память Императору Николаю Второму и 2 000 000 русских воинов Великой войны). http://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-86378300-1416246869.jpghttp://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-65135900-1416246887.jpg

"Rest in peace warrior eagles" (Спите, орлы боевые) - inscription above the entrance. http://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-25137500-1416246772.jpghttp://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-50987400-1416246780.jpg

Monument and crypt with remains of Imperial Russian soldiers finished in 1936. It is located at Belgrade's Novo groblje (eng. New Cemetery). Author is Roman N. Verkhovsky, co-author is Valery Stashevsky and the idea came from Mikhail Skorodumov Imperial Russian officer and later general. According to information I found in one article the crypt contains remains of 13 officers and 274 NCOs and soldiers of the 2. and 4. special infantry brigade exhumed from southern parts of Kingdom (Thessaloniki Front), 138 NCОs and soldiers who lost their lives during the defense of Belgrade 1914-15, two sailors from the steamboat "Tiraspol" and 66 soldiers who died in Austro-Hungarian POW camps. http://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-22086300-1416246648.jpghttp://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-68749500-1416246654.jpghttp://gmic.co.uk/uploads/monthly_11_2014/post-7937-0-02134700-1416246662.jpg

One more unidentified foreign Takovo recipient can be found in this topic: http://gmic.co.uk/index.php/topic/31084-what-did-this-guy-do-for-a-living/?p=292909

Pietzner Karl, Austrian photographer. Takovo on miniature chain.

Franz Joseph's order, photo found on publisher's website: http://www.militaria.at/Book.aspx?book=8857800&Language=en

King Albert's Star of Karađorđe and Golden Obilić medal can be seen on the Royal Museum of the Army and of Military History webiste. http://www.klm-mra.be/klm-new/frans/collecties/OMD-albert/Serbie/karageorge.html '> http://www.klm-mra.be/klm-new/frans/collecties/OMD-albert/Serbie/or_bravoure.html

Is there perhaps complete list with names of all recipients? I just checked the book I mentioned, unfortunately there's only list of British recipients. Even in the summary review there's no mention of Belgians, not even King Albert I. According to that (incomplete) list out of 17 1st class Karađorđe stars 14 were given to foreigners. 5 to French (Joffre, Sarrail, d'Espèrey, Pétain, Guillaumat), 3 to Italians (Cadorna, Salandra, Sonnino) 2 to British (Haig and Pinkstone), 2 to Romanians (Ferdinand and Carol) 1 to Americans (Pershing) and 1 to Czechoslovaks (Masaryk). 2nd class out of 18 in total 14 to foreigners: 9 to French, 4 to Italians, 1 to British. 3rd class out of 198 - 71 to foreigners: 60 to French, 10 to Italians, 1 to British. 4th class out of 1317 - 129 to foreigners: 87 to French, 21 to Italians, 11 to Russians, 7 to British, 2 to Romanians and 1 to Americans. Golden Soldiers' Order out of 1111 - 37 to foreigners. Silver Soldiers' Order out of 2285 - 836 to foreginers. *Author of the book states that couple of awards were given after this statistic was made like for example: award to Unknown Hero, Mačvanski Prnjavor (village), Belgrade. Second thing - it is not know do these numbers refer to awards or recipients. If the numbers refer to orders then the number of recipients is much smaller due to fact that many were awarded more than once.