Gordon Craig

These next three badges are listed as being from the 1970s in Bragg and Turner's book "Parachute Badges & Insignia of the World". The photos are from a recent ebay auction. Again, I don't have any info on the badges accept that they do exist. This style of badge was produced for many different military trades. They have a hole below the leaves and the numerals are attached there by a nut and screw arrangement. Regards, Gordon

So that you will not mistake Communist era para badges with current ones, here is a cased modern Hungarian para badge that sold on ebay a few weeks ago. This badge was introduced in the early 1990s and following that some current cloth para badges only issued for wear with the camouflage uniforms worn by the Hungarian Reconnaissance unit in Afganistan. The next badge I only have a picture of. The picture was taken from the European Paratroopers site. It is listed there as a Hungarian Para badge, with no other info, but it is from the Communist era.

Gentlemen, I'd like to start a thread on Hungarian Communist era para badges. Even here in Hungary there is little information on these badges so please feel free to add your comments and post any badges that you may have so we can all become more informed. The first badge I will post a picture of was called a "Master Parachutists Badge" by the vendor but Charles has heard it called the "Free Fall" badge and when you see it you will know where the name comes from. Hopefully, someone will know the correct terminology for this badge. The badge measures 71mm from wing tip to wing tip (2 13/16 inches) 36mm high (1 3/4 inches). The number one at the bottom of the badge seems to indicate there are more levels to this particular badge, especially as the leaves and shield with the number are a seaparte piece that have been attached some how to the wings, and the gold colour may indicate there are other grades such as silver or bronze. The method of attachment is also unusual for a Hungarain badge and looks more Russian than anything else. The nut has the letters "FV." on it. There are no other markings on the badge. I suspest the badge may have been manufactured in Russia. If I had come across this badge outside of Hungary I would have attributed it to Russia. However, at the same time that I bought this para badge I bought a Hungarian Excellent Border Guard badge with the same attachment configuration including the same initials on the nut. On to pictures of the badge. Regards, Gordon

Now for the cap with the cap badge installed.

Here are some photos of the cap badge itself. The prongs that are soldered to the back of the badge are made of a very soft metal and bend easily. Despite their pointed ends, one needs to make a whole in the cloth before they can be put into place and folded over.

Gentlemen, Lately a number of 1950s dated Hungarian Military winter hats have been release to the public. None of these caps have hat badges as they were never issued. Luckily for me, while visiting a dealer a couple of days ago, I came a cross a Rakoci cap badge that would go on one of these caps. I had done some research on these caps, via archived pictures etc., and thus was able to recognize it when I saw it. It is a round badge 26mm in diametre (one inch)with three concentric rings coloured, from the outside in, red, white and green. The colours appear to be painted on and the majority of the red paint is missing. It could have been cold enamel. The three rings surround a bronze, stippled field. In the centre of the field is a star of red (cold) enamel with rays extending out to the edges of the star. In the centre of the star is the Rakoci symbol of a wheat sheeve across a hammer in bronze. I believe the bronze colour of this badge indicates wear by an enlisted man as per Hungarian custom. This is the only cap badge like this I have seen but I beleive it belongs on the winter hat. I have seen a wedge cap, overseas cap for our American friends, with the same red star device on the front without the surounding material of this badge. I'll post pictures of the cap and the badge in this thread. The cap has numerous stamps on the interior and unless you know what to look for you would have difficult dating the hat. The date stamps is a rectangle divided into an upper and lower section. The upper section contains the letters "M R". The lower half is divided into two sections as well. The left hand section contains large numerals "24" and in the right hand section is the date "1952". The exterior of the cap is khaki wool while the interior is a lighter shade of brown and is of quilted cotton. The fur front of the cap is held in place by one snap fastener at the top on each side. The side flaps tie together on top. Regards, Gordon

Doc, This is a Bulgarian Officers cap badge as used until the early 1970s. Regards, Gordon

The last of the series of pictures of the enlisted man's cap. Gordon

Gents, Charles has asked about the measurements of my communist era Border Guard enlisted man?s peaked cap. All of the individual measurements of the cap are very close to that of the Generals cap but on the same flat surface it measures only 13.5 cm to the top of the crown. Overall, it is also the same shape as the general?s cap. The Hungarian Boarder Guards traditionally use green as their arm of service colour. This is indicated on this cap by the green band around the crown and the green cap band. Enlisted men wore plastic chin straps, bronze cap buttons, and a bronze cap cockade. NCOs wore these same items in silver. The cap cockade on this hat is believed to be of the early type. There are two types of cockades on communist era Hungarian caps. Those with a red star raised above the surface, as is clear in this photo, and those where the cockade is flat and the red star is below the surface of the cockade. My research has not revealed in what time period these two cockades were worn. I believe the change was made from the raised ones to the flat ones because of breakage to the stars. You often find the raised stars either loose so they will turn, as is the case on this cap, or with the tips of the stars broken off. Something I didn?t mention in my first posts was that the sweat shield in communist era caps and post era cap is the same shape but that the post communist period sweat shields are physically, and noticeably, larger. Also, why go to these lengths to detail the differences between the caps of these two eras? For one main reason, there are lots of caps being released by the Hungarian Ministry Of Defence and they do not have a cockade attached. Since the caps are not marked, and look almost identical, physical dimensions are the only way you can tell the hats from the two different eras apart. I mentioned earlier that in 1990 the only real change was the cap badge. Hats worn during the communist era were still worn until new uniform regulations were written and the new uniforms and caps were produced. Here are some pictures of the Border Guard cap. Regards, Gordon

Next I will post pictures of a current musician officers cap. There two reasons for posting this particular cap. 1-It is similar to a generals cap because of the red stripe around the crown. It has a red cap band and is often sold as a general's cap from the communist era. Musician officer's peaked caps from the communist era looked almost exactly the same in design. 2-As a size comparison between officers hats worn during the period 1956-1989 and those worn now to enable collectors to tell a communist era officers hat from a post communist era cap. In particular a general's cap. When the first elected government, following the communist regime, took office in 1990 few changes took place to the actual uniforms worn by the Hungarian armed forces. Other than cap badge changes things remained relatively the same. The buttons remained the same. Over time since then uniforms have undergone some changes. One of those was in the officers peaked caps. When viewed separately the caps from the two periods appear identical. Howere, in fact the later caps are lighter in colour and are slightly taller. When sitting on a flat surface, the communist era hat measures 14 cms (5.5 inches) from the tip of the peak to the top of the crown. The current cap measures 15.8 cms (6.5 inches) from the tip of the peak to the top of the crown. Here are some photos of the current cap for comparison purposes. Regards, Gordon

Next are pictures of the front and rear of the general's cap badge. The badges are held in place by three prongs. Two on either side at the bottom and one at the top on the star. In the example shown the top pin has been broken off but you can see where it was attached.

Gentlemen, In this thread I will show pictures of a Hungarian Army General's peaked cap from the communist period. The caps were medium brown in colour with a lighter brown plastic peak. The cap band is a different material than the crown of the cap. More like a velvet texture than the other material. There is a thin red band around the crown. The interior is lined with a red nylon type of material. There is a plastic sweat shield with a slot for the name. There are no makers marks on the sweat shieled or anywhere else in the cap. The chin strap is made of three strands of gold fibre attached to two split pin type gold buttons with a raised pattern of oak leaves and crossed rifles. Officers below the rank of general also wore a chin strap of three gold strands but these strands were slightly thinner than those used on a generals cap. The split pin buttons were the same as those used on the standard officers cap. The general's cap badge was quite different from the regular officer cockade. Below are pictures of the front, side, interior and a close up of the split pin buttons.

Ulsterman, The MHKB site is inded a treasure. I've visited it often and downloaded an amazing amount of useful information from it. Cheers, Gordon

Jeff, There is a section of the Military Museum that is open a couple of times a week for research. I haven't been yet but it is probably time to go and see what is available. Regards, Gordon

So that those of you who may not be familiar with the hats Charles and I were refering to, here are some photos of the light grey hat worn by the militia during the final communist years in Hungary.

Charles, Looking at these photos again, th e militia guys seem to be wearing dark hats to match the colour of their shirts. True? I have one of the common light grey ones but have never seen a dark gray, or are they black hats? Dan, Post war rank charts for the militia guys would really be appreciated. Cheers, Gordon

Hunyadi, Great fotos! Especially the camo ones. I don't have any reference for the overcoat type white camo. The others are familiar and welcome in my research project. I have been after a Militai workers uniform top go with my hat for years. Lots of hats around but uniforms seem scarce. Do you have any rank charts for the Hungarian guys you posted pictures of? They were certainly wearing some interesting collar patches in the pictures you posted. Regards, Gordon

Gents, There have been a couple of requests in this thread for information on books about Hungarian medals. Here are the three books I use. I won't picture him but C. D. is an indispenceable part of my library!!!! The first book is the one refered to as the Large Hungarian Medal Book. When I bought my copy it sold for 9,000 to 10,000 Forints and is still available. Since it is out of print and demand is now increasing it may cost more now. It is excellent value for the money spent. It is completely in Hungarian but some English translation has been done and more is underway I beleive. The second book shown roughly translates as "Cross, Medal and Star". The authors are members of the Hungarian National Museum and the Military History Museum, the two largest Hungarian public collections. They have made a selection from the orders and decorations of the two institutes; except for a few pieces borrowed from other public and private collections. In addition to Hungarian awards it includes some of the decorations commonly awarded to Hungarians by other nations. Each picture is accompanied by the name of the order or decoration in Hungarian, German and English. The actual descriptions of the orders and medals is only in Hungarian. I find this an invaluable addition to the large book. I bought my copy for 5,000 Forints, in "as new" condition in a used book store. I know where there is a cupboard full of these books, but do not know what they will cost, should anyone be interested. The third book is not one I care to try and translate the title of but it deals with Military Medals and Decorations of Hungary. This small paperback book is not of the same quality as those listed above but does have its merits. I shows the ribbons bars for some of the ribbons with their miniatures in place. Other than a very brief comment on the history of Hungarian medals, as displayed in the book, there is no English content. This book is still available from a galleria downtown for 6,000 Forints. Missing from all of these volumes is information on the many awards made to the average citizen in the Communist period in Hungary. For that we will have to rely on C. D. to either tell us in a post or write a book(CD?). Regards, Gordon

As a follow on to my last post here are some photos re Hunyadi's uniform. First up is a picture of a Bulgarian air force uniform. Next is a shot of Bulgarian shoulderboards followed by a picture of Czech shoulderboards. All from the communist era of these states. Regards, Gordon

The Public Security Medal. Introduced by the Minister of Public Security for the Hungarian Peoples Republic on March 17th of 1951. This medal replaced the 1947 Distinction of Public Security medal. On the 30th of June 1951, it was determined that the medal could be exchanged for the previous medal. The ribbons for both medals were identical. The Public Security Medal was awarded in three classes (gold, silver and bronze)Members of the police force were awarded Gold for 30 years service, silver for 15 years service and bronze for 5 years servcie. For outstanding service during an incident the silver medal was awarded. The medal could be won more than once in different classes and would be shown as consecutive ribbons. For multiple awards (silver only) a 3mm silver band would be added to the ribbon and the ribbon bar. During the entire history of the medal this never occured. There was also a provision of attaching a 15mm miniature to the ribbon bar but this was never produced. In 1952 the Public Security Medal was awarded to the Hungarian Military Police and to the Hungarian Border Guards. The different branches of service were awarded the same medal but with respectively different coloured ribbons. The Public Security Medal could only be awarded by the Minister of the Interior. At the 1991 XXXI council the medal was disbanded. Extracted from "The Large Hungarian Medal Book. Translation by C. D. The following picture shows the gold, silver and bronze class of this award. The bronze class has the ribbon for the Miliatry Police, the silver class has the ribbon for the Border Guards and the gold class has the ribbon for Police. The Border Guard ribbon is of particular interest as the reference books say the ribbon for this branch was to be in light green. This ribbon on the medal shown is of a much darker green that that pictured in the reference book I quoted from. It is however, undoubtable authentic. I should mention that the metal rays going out to points of the stars are in the same colour as the award. IE gold, silver and bronze. Regards, Gordon

Here is a picture of the case showing the top open. The case measures 32.5cm (12.5") by 26.2 cm (10 3/8") by 4 cm (1.5"). Cheers, Gordon

Gents, Time I started to take part in this thread. Been a while since I visited the forum as work and research on my Hungarian camo project took up most of the time. Since Charles posted a picture of the cased badges I have in my collection I thought I should add its background and some more pictures. I bought the case from a dealer in Germany who said he got from an ex DDR NVA officer who was presented the case by the head of a Hungarian delegation. The NVA officer still has a similar case from another Warsaw Pact countyr (can not remember the country) that he will not part with. Little did I realize at the time I bought the case of badges that I would be living in Hungary and collecting Hungarian things. Here is a picture of the top of the closed case and the badges with the case open.

Hunyadi, I would say it is for the Bulgarian air force. They wore blue uniforms. The music device on the shoulder is correct for Bulgaria as well. The boards are Bulgarian and for the late Warsaw Pact period. Earlier Bulgarian boards were round on the ends but I do not know when they changes the shape of the boards. Also, the boards are a bit confusing. They are the style and colour for a Junior Leutenant but that rank should have one star on the boards. Czech boards are completely different than the boards on this uniform. Warsaw Pact manouver badges were normally only allowed to be worn while the actual event was taking place so this badge could be correct on this uniform if it was meant to depict that particular small time period. Some of these badges were issued to all WP troops involved in the manouvers and some only issued by specific countries for their own troops. If you could send me a better picture of the badge I could tell you more about it. Regards, Gordon

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