Dave Danner

Karl Freiherr von Andrian-Werburg. Born 14 March 1886 in Rietschen-Rothenburg, Silesia (now part of Saxony a few kilometers from the Polish border). Leutnant: 8 March 1907 Oberleutnant: 18 August 1914 Hauptmann: 27 September 1916 separated 30 March 1920 as a char. Major Major (E): 1 December 1934 (?) Oberstleutant (E): 1 April 1939 Oberst: 1 February 1942 He entered the Bavarian 19. Infanterie-Regiment as a Fahnenjunker on 17 July 1905 and transferred to the 16. Infanterie-Regiment on 11 March 1912. He was adjutant of III. Btl./16.IR when the regiment deployed in August 1914 and later led 12.Kp./16.IR. From 13 January to 20 March 1915, he led the Rekruten-Depot 4 of the 1. bayerische Infanterie-Division, and then transferred to the 24. Infanterie-Regiment, where he led the 8.Kompanie. From 16 January to 1 May 1915, he was an acting battalion commander. On 30 October 1918, he became an adjutant with I. bay. Armeekorps. On 1 February 1940, he was commander of EIR "Augsburg". From 1 May 1941 to 1943, he commanded Infanterie-Regiment 747 (from 15 October 1942 Grenadier-Regiment 747) of the 707. Infanterie-Division. On 1 December 1944 he was Feldkommandant in Agram (Zagreb, Croatia). Christophe gave you the main awards. The Milit?r-Max Joseph-Orden was for action on 23 June 1916 and was bestowed on 7 August 1917. The Milit?r-Verdienstorden IV. Klasse mit Krone und Schwertern was awarded on 5 April 1917. He was wounded at least three times, so he should have had a 1918 Silver Wound Badge. The 707. Infanterie-Division served in Army Group Center in the winter of 1941-42, so he should also have had the Medaille "Winterschlacht im Osten 1941/42". I imagine there were other WW2 awards, too - 1939 clasps to the EKs, Infantry Assault Badge? Maybe the posting in Zagreb would have led to awards from the Croatian puppet state.

If I remember correctly, his comrade-in-arms in neo-Nazi politics after the war was Otto Ernst Remer, who had made his name in command of the troops which put down the July 20th plot in Berlin.

1914 Ranklist entry below. To these can be added: Prussia: Pour le M?rite (27.11.14)Prussia: Oakleaves to Pour le M?rite (3.6.15)Prussia: Order of the Black Eagle (9.9.15)Prussia: 1914 Iron Cross 1st ClassPrussia: Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (9.1.17)Prussia: Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, Grand Commander with Star and Swords (29.5.15)Bavaria: Military Order of Max Joseph, Grand Cross (4.6.15)Bavaria: Military Merit Order, Grand Cross with Swords (31.3.15)Saxony: Military Order of St. Henry, Knight's Cross (6.12.15)Saxony: Military Order of St. Henry, Commander's Cross 1st Class (6.12.15)Saxe-Coburg-Gotha: Carl Eduard War Cross (26.4.17)Waldeck: Merit Cross 1st Class with Swords (30.3.15)Hohenzollern: Princely House Order of Hohenzollern, Honor Cross 1st Class with Swords (22.11.16)Austria-Hungary: Military Order of Maria Theresa, Grand Cross (26.3.18)Austria-Hungary: Order of Leopold, Grand Cross with War Decoration Austria-Hungary: Diamonds to Military Merit Cross 1st Class with War Decoration (28.11.15)Austria-Hungary: Military Merit Cross 1st Class with War Decoration (6.5.15)I'm sure there's more. That's just from the lists I have.

An update to Norway: The Armed Forces Operations Medal (Forsvarets operasjonsmedalje) was established effective 1 April 2005. It supersedes the Armed Forces Medal for International Operations (Forsvarets medalje for internasjonale operasjoner) for designated operations. The statutes (Word format) identify the following operations so far: "Operation Iraqi Freedom", "Operation Enduring Freedom", "Operation Active Endeavour", "Operation Baltic Accession", and "International Stabilisation Force in Afghanistan", contingents 1, 2 and 3. The medal is the same for all operations. The ribbons are a bit unclear. The only one I've seen is that illustrated above, for Iraq. However, the statutes seem to state that where practical, different ribbons will be used incorporating the colors of Norway and the country/region at issue. (Selve medaljen er ens for alle misjonsspesifikke milit?re internasjonale operasjoner, men utstyres med forskjellige medaljeb?nd for de ulike land/omr?der innsatsen gjennomf?res i, komponert ut fra Norges og vedkommende lands/omr?des farger). 2005 also saw the establishment of the Armed Forces Medal for Wounded in Action (Forsvarets medalje for s?rede i strid) and the Armed Forces Medal for Killed in Action (Forsvarets medalje for falne i strid).

A snippet from an Austria-Hungary section:

Based on that it looks like Austria-Hungary and Germany were roughly the same. My bad. I found another source which provides interesting contemporaneous information. Because it was written at the time, it has some outdated information, and because it was written by American civilians unfamiliar with German military terminology, it has some inaccuracies (like Verdienst translated as service rather than merit). But otherwise it is a wealth of information on the topic. It is the American Jewish Congress' American Jewish Year Books for the war years. The "Review of the Year" for each year includes country-by-country reviews of significant events, deaths, including combat deaths, and honors and awards, including combat decorations. It is in PDF format. Review of the Year (1915-1916): http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/..._YearReview.pdf (covers July 1, 1914 to May 31, 1915) Review of the Year (1916-1917): http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/..._YearReview.pdf (covers June 1, 1915 to May 31, 1916) Review of the Year (1917-1918): http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/..._YearReview.pdf (covers June 1, 1916 to May 31, 1917) Review of the Year (1918-1919): http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/..._YearReview.pdf (covers June 1, 1917 to May 31, 1918) A snippet from a Germany section:

Off the top of my head, I don't know of any Baden regiments that served on the Serbian front. The following Baden regiments served on the Galician and/or Romanian fronts, and may have worked with or under Austro-Hungarian commands: Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 185, 208. Infanterie-Division (but only about 1 month on the Galician front) Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 40, 115. Infanterie-Division. Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 249, 75. Reserve-Division Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 250, 75. Reserve-Division

I have access to them, at least most of them. I also just received a copy of Virtuti Pro Patria, so if anyone has any questions on MMJO recipients, let me know. I should soon have a fully revised list of all MMJO recipients for WW1, with the correct names, award/bestowal and ennoblement dates, units, and additional biographical information, which will be available online.

For what it's worth (a bit tangential), the 5.Garde-Infanterie-Brigade wasn't broken up. When most divisions began to be triangularized (from 2 brigade/2 regiments each to 1 brigade/3 regiments) in early 1915, the 3.Garde-Infanterie-Division lost the 5.Garde-Infanterie-Brigade to the newly formed 4.Garde-Infanterie-Division. Both 5.Garde-Regiment zu Fu? and Garde-Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 5 stayed with their brigade in the new division throughout the war. They were joined by Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 93 (despite having the same number as the regular Anhaltisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 93, this was not an Anhalt unit, but a Garde reserve unit; Anhalt's reserve infantry unit was III./RIR 36). ? = ? ? = ? ? = ? ? = ? ? = ? ? = ? ? = ? ? = ? etc. See: http://www.bnl.gov/itd/web/ForeignLanguageCharacters.asp But it's often easier to just copy and paste.

In such a hurry to post the extracts from the Verordnungsblatt that I forgot to address the main question. All awards during the Franco-Prussian War were without swords. Swords were not authorized for the Bavarian MVO until 1891.

I was just loaned a copy of the Bavarian Army Officers' Ranklist (Rangliste der Offiziere der K?niglich Bayerischen Armee) as of 15 April 1918. If there's anyone specific on whom anyone would like me to check, please let me know. The April 1918 rank list includes promotions and Bavarian decorations for Bavarian regular officers. Unfortunately, it doesn't cover non-Bavarian decorations. And obviously it doesn't cover anything after 15 April 1918.

His Iron Cross 2nd Class is here:

Here is the announcement of his award:

Just to round out the discussion, which is a bit of a tangent but interesting, here are Hungarian Regency-era Signa Laudis:

White ribbon with the black edge stripes on the second ribbon bar is the Medal of the Military Police (Policia Militar).

Last ribbon on each bar is the Multinational Force and Observers Medal for the MFO in the Sinai.

If you can read Spanish, here is the description of the criteria for the award from the Colombian Navy website, which explains why there can be so many different awards (one for being distinguished graduate of a course, one for being a professor, etc.): http://www.armada.mil.co/index.php?idcategoria=1529

Not sure about the single ribbon on the first row. A state order, I presume. 2nd row are all repeat awards of the Condecoraci?n Servicios Distinguidos en Orden P?blico (Decoration for Distinguished Service in the Public Order). 3rd row: 1. Medalla "al Valor" (Valor Medal) 2. Medalla Militar Francisco Jos? de Caldas (for academic merit) 3. Medalla Militar Francisco Jos? de Caldas (for academic merit) 4th row: 1. Orden al M?rito Militar "General Jos? Mar?a C?rdova", grade of Oficial 2. Condecoraci?n Servicios Distinguidos en Orden P?blico again 3. Medalla Militar Francisco Jos? de Caldas (for academic merit) 5th row: 1. ? 2. Medalla Militar Cadete Jos? Mar?a Rosillo 3. Medalla Militar Francisco Jos? de Caldas (for academic merit) For the Medalla Militar Francisco Jos? de Caldas, repeat awards indicate different types of academic merit.

Oh, OK, my confusion. Any idea what the numbers are for the Austro-Hungarian Army?

For what it's worth, and for context, Austria-Hungary's Jewish population in 1900 was 2,076,277 (1,224,899 in Austrian lands and 851,378 in Hungary). Germany's in 1901 was 586,948. So with approximately 100,000 German Jewish soldiers to 96,000 Austro-Hungarian Jewish soldiers, you can see that even though the k.u.k. Armee was by policy more open to Jewish soldiers, in practice Jews were far less likely to serve. Glenn probably knows more background on this than I, but if I had to guess, I'd say the main difference is that most Jews in Germany were German Jews, with a smaller percentage of Polish Jews in Silesia, Pomerania and Posen, but most Jews in Austria-Hungary were Polish, Ukrainian/Ruthenian, and Hungarian Jews, with German Jews a smaller percentage. About two-thirds of the over 1.2 million Austrian Jews were in Austrian Galicia. The k.u.k. Armee would already be heavily dominated by Austrian Germans and Hungarians, and to the extent regiments recruited in Slavic areas with large Jewish populations, in many cases the local Slavs were even more hostile to Jews. It wouldn't surprise me if a significant number of the Jews in the k.u.k. Armee were from the assimilated German Jewish population, including secular Jews and Christian converts, of Vienna and other large cities in the western empire, rather than major Jewish population centers like Brody.

I seemed to recall you mentioning that was your local Aschaffenburg unit.

Some statistics for the Kingdom of Württemberg and the Prussian district of Hohenzollern, from Hans Franke, Geschichte und Schicksal der Juden in Heilbronn: For Heilbronn itself (as well as its suburb of Sontheim), Franke provides more detail: http://www.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de/index....ronn.pdf&s=

Lt. David Bauernfreund was a resident of Heilbronn, and was born in Schluchtern, Baden, on 1 February 1886. I'm not sure how he ended up in a Silesian regiment, since Heilbronn was in the Kingdom of Württemberg. According to a document from the Heilbronn Stadtarchiv, he received the EK I and II and the Friedrichs-Orden Knight 2nd Class with Swords. By the way, Lt. Dr. Emil Goldschmidt of 18. bay. IR was from Aschaffenburg. There are some other enlisted men from Aschaffenburg in the Gedenkbuch as well, several from bay. Jäg.Btl. 2 and the rest from different units.

A Bulgarian Civil Merit Order with a set-up similar to that which Rick shows for the Ottoman Osmanie. If I remember correctly, this one too was Austrian-made. A more standard hook and eye arrangement on this Military Order for Bravery, but note how the higher top fold creates a pentagonal ribbon style similar to Russian decorations. W?rttemberg sometimes used a loop-through-and-tuck form of trifold as seen below, with the ribbon passing through a large suspension ring and both ends then folded twice and tucked in. Unfolded, the order could be looped through a buttonhole. Folded, a pin could be attached as in the Friedrichs-Orden below. Hessen-Darmstadt also sometimes followed this custom:

Another 75 fallen German Jewish officers below. Of these, 28 were Bavarian. Among the rest, among all the officers listed here and above, there does seem to be a fair cross section - Rhinelanders, Silesians, Württembergers, Badeners, Hessians, Thuringians, etc., even Guards officers (striking given the prejudices of the Prussian officer corps). One group that seems distinctly underrepresented are Saxons. The only two I see out of all 258 here are Lt. Dr. Hans Gutmann, a Dresdner in 1./RIR 242, and Lt. Fritz Oppenheim, a Chemnitzer in 7./IR 181. Oberlt. Karl Moßmann - I./bay. RIR 11, d. 09.08.1915 Oberlt. Dr. Julius Schloß - Stab/11.bay.Inf.Div., d. 29.06.1918 Lt. Dr. Arthur Aal - 11./bay. RIR 21, d. 01.10.1016 Lt. Erich Adam - 2./RIR 256, d. 22.09.1915 Lt. Josef Altmann - 5./RIR 273, d. 29.07.1917 Lt. Fritz Arndt - 3./IR 401, d. 10.09.1918 Lt. Alfred Baer - 8./württ. FußAR 13, d. 24.07.1918 Lt. Julius Bauer - 2./IR 185, d. 21.03.1918 Lt. Stephan Bauer - bay. Inf.Gesch.Bttr. 5, d. 01.04.1917 Lt. Georg Bloch - Nachr.Zug/Res.Jäg.Btl. 3, d. 02.05.1918 Lt. Max Bonheim - 4./Ldw.Brig.Ers.Btl. 55, d. 15.07.1916 Lt. Martin Cohn - Minenwerfer-Kp. 10, d. 07.06.1918 Lt. Alfons Dingfelder - 10./bay. RIR 23, d. 25.07.1915 Lt. Bernhard Ellenstein - 7./bay. RIR 6, d. 01.07.1916 Lt. Heinz Epstein - 3./bay. RIR 26, d. 23.12.1916 Lt. Emil Jakob Ettlinger - 2./IR 360, d. 20.07.1918 Lt. Dr. Leonhard Frank - 8./RIR 270, d. 08.07.1917 Lt. Erwin Freudenthal - 8./RIR 247, d. 29.10.1917 Lt. Richard Friedmann - 7./bay. RIR 21, d. 25.03.1918 Lt. Siegfried Friedmann - 1./RIR 261, d. 16.08.1917 Lt. Artur Gabbe - 1/IR 185, d. 18.11.1916 Lt. Elija Goitein - 11./RIR 224, d. 26.05.1915 Lt. Ludwig Goldschmidt - 7./bayRIR 19, d. 09.09.1916 Lt. Jakob Guggenheimer - 7./bay. RIR 12, d. 27.09.1918 Lt. Walter Gumprich - 5./IR 30, d. 30.09.1918 Lt. Hugo Gutmann - 4./FAR 116, d. 28.10.1915 Lt. Walter Hammerstein - 4./RIR 267, d. 16.02.1915 Lt. Erich Heilbrunn - 8./bay. RIR 10, d. 21.03.1918 Lt. Karl Heilbrunn - 12./IR 87, d. 02.04.1917 Lt. Leopold Hirsch - 12./RIR 94, d. 30.04.1918 Lt. Fritz Kahn - 9./2.bay.IR, d. 24.05.1917 Lt. Nathan Kahn - 2.MG/bay. RIR 32, d. 30.09.1918 Lt. Max Kahn - 3.MG./bay.RIR 22, d. 14.04.1918 Lt. Otto Kahn - 1./22.bay.IR, d. 24.06.1918 Lt. Walter Kaß - 11./IR 135, d. 26.09.1915 Lt. Siegfried Kaufmann - 6./RIR 40, d. 08.01.1917 Lt. Dr. Justin Kühn - 7./bay. RIR 10, d. 08.10.1914 Lt. Richard Kürzinger - MG/bay. RIR 21, d. 24.11.1915 Lt. Emil Landau - 3./IR 174, d. 10.04.1918 Lt. Dr. Josef Lehmann - 7./bay. RIR 21, d. 24.03.1917 Lt. Dr. Otto Levinger - 8./RIR 68, d. 16.04.1917 Lt. Curt Löb - 11./RIR 203, d. 18.06.1918 Lt. Hans Siegfried Loeb - 6./IR 365, d. 02.08.1916 Lt. Alfred Löwenthal - 2./2.Ers.Btl./Jäg.Btl. 5, d. 07.03.1916 Lt. Hugo Lyon - Stab/IR 25, d. 07.09.1917 Lt. Hans Mann - Minenwerfer-Kp. 33, d. 10.05.1916 Lt. Alfred Marum - 9./IR 145, d. 01.12.1917 Lt. Stephan Mayer-Weismann - 6./bay. RIR 7, d. 16.04.1917 Lt. Leo Mohnr - 3.MG/bay. RIR 16, d. 04.11.1918 Lt. Theodor Moos - Gebirgs-Btl. 11, d. 27.05.1918 Lt. Dr. August Moser - FFA 235, d. 18.09.1917 Lt. Albert Neuburger - 12./RIR 247, d. 14.05.1915 Lt. Robert Ottensooser - 2./bay. RIR 20, d. 12.11.1914 Lt. Adolf Proskauer - 8./RIR 202, d. 03.05.1918 Lt. Hans Proskauer - 5./RIR 66, d. 23.07.1918 Lt. Fritz Reifenberg - 3./Fußar.Btl. 127, d. 21.04.1918 Lt. Friedrich Reis - 12./bay. RIR 21, d. 08.05.1917 Lt. Fritz Friedrich Rosenzweig - 3./bay. MG-Scharfsch.Abt. 2, d. 01.04.1918 Lt. Siegfried Rothschild - 2./IR 124, d. 13.07.1917 Lt. Walter Salomon - 6./IR 165, d. 27.09.1918 Lt. Prof. Dr. Karl Schwarzschild - Ldw.Bez. Potsdam, d. 11.05.1916 Lt. Eugen Selig - 1./FußAR 22, d. 22.08.1917 Lt. Siegfried Silbermann - 10./bay. RIR 23, d. 15.04.1918 Lt. Ludwig Stahl - Stab/bay. RIR 25, d. 08.08.1918 Lt. Dr. Daniel Stein - d. 22.03.1922 Lt. Felix Steinfeld - LIR 385, d. 22.07.1917 Lt. Max Stern - 7./LIR 61, d. 16.08.1915 Lt. Alfred Emil Stettiner - 9./LIR 111, d. 11.11.1918 Lt. Ernst Straus - 4./EIR 29, d. 02.07.1917 Lt. Paul Strauß - 2./bay. RIR 19, d. 01.09.1914 Lt. Hugo Sundheimer - Stab II./bay. RIR 20, d. 01.06.1918 Lt. Ernst Emil Weil - FFA A213, d. 26.07.1917 Lt. Otto Weil - 12./IR 121, d. 18.06.1917 Lt. Siegfried Wolff - 3./Ers.Btl./IR 64, d. 04.06.1918 Lt. Josef Zörndorfer - Fliegertruppe; RIR 154, d. 19.09.1915