Heer Brandeburgers and the Fallschirmsch?tzenabzeichen des Heeres

[PKeating]

Quite a nice example of the 1943/44 issue FSA d. Heeres. The Army Parachutist Badge was abolished on 1.1.1939 when the Heer's Fallschirm-Infanterie-Bataillon was transferred to Luftwaffe command, becoming II./Fallschirmj?ger-Regiment 1. Prior to then, Brandenburg paratroopers had received the Luftwaffe Parachutist Badge.

The Brandenburg Division began as a Special Purpose Battalion, the Bau-Lehr-Bataillon zbV 800, formed on 15.12.1939 to carry out special operations and sabotage. These special purpose troops were based near Berlin, in Brandenburg, hence the nickname that would become part of their official unit designation. The first Brandenburg paras comprised a small detachment under the command of a sergeant and reported for jump training in February 1940. In May 1940, the battalion became the Brandenburg-Lehr-Regiment zbV 800 and the para-trained elements were formed into a platoon, based at Stendal under Leutnant L?tke, as part of the 4th Company of the regiment?s 1st Battalion. The Brandenburg paras? first airborne mission as a unit came on 25.6.1941, in the opening stages of the invasion of the USSR, when the parachute platoon jumped and secured two railway bridges on the Lido-Molodechno line. Increased to company strength that autumn, the platoon became the 1st Battalion?s 4th (Parachute) Company, under the command of Leutnant K?rschner and, later, Leutnant Gerlach.

Brandenburgers of 15. (Fallschirm) Kompanie on patrol somewhere in Bosnia in 1943

With the formation of the Brandenburg Division - which still retained the special purpose designation ?zbV 800? in its title - in Germany in April 1943, the airborne company was reformed as 15 (Parachute) Coy, 3rd Bn, 4th Light Infantry Regiment, Brandenburg Division zbV 800. The 4th Regt was posted to Yugoslavia on 17.4.1943, on attachment to the 1st Mountain Division based at Sjenica. As in Russia, they found themselves embroiled in brutal anti-partisan warfare. With the 4th Regiment?s subsequent move in October to Sarajevo to disarm Italian forces there, 15 (Parachute) Coy moved to a new base at the Mataruska Banja airfield outside Kraljevo, about 200 km to the east, where the Luftwaffe had relocated Fallschirmschule III to train members of the newly-formed SS-Fallschirmj?ger-Bataillon 500, which was forming up in nearby Kraljevo at the same time. Members of 15. (Fallschirm) Kompanie duly received the Heer badge upon completion of their jump training.

A member of 15. (Fallschirm) Kompanie on the Greek island of Leros in November 1943

In February 1944, Fallschirmj?ger-Bataillon "Brandenburg" was formed at Stendal under the command of Hauptmann Weith?ner, while 15 (Fallschirm) Kompanie remained on the order of battle as an independent sub-unit under Oberleutnant Oschatz. The badges were supplied by the Berlin firm of C E Juncker, who had made the Army Parachutist Badge before the war, in 1937 and 1938. They were struck in feinzink on the same dies used to produce the Type 2 badges in aluminium and, for private purchase, 800 silver. Enough badges were made for the battalion and the independent parachute company.

In this colorised portrait of Walter Scheu, to which a studio artist has added decorations earned after the photograph was taken in March 1944, we see the Army Parachutist Badge. This is the only known wartime image of a Waffen-SS soldier wearing the FSA d. H. I have been searching for some years for a proper photograph showing the badge on a Waffen-SS paratrooper but have so far only turned up photographs showing the Luftwaffe badge. Scheu never received an award document but he did receive a military parachutist's licence and the badge is recorded in his paybook. I have seen two award documents to surviving veterans as well as another paybook containing mention of the FSA d. H.

However, the majority of Waffen-SS paratroopers appear to have been given the Luftwaffe pattern badge, indicating that insufficient quantities were supplied to cover SS-Fallschirmj?ger-Btl 500 as well as Fallschirmj?ger-Btl "Brandenburg" and 15. (Fallschirm) Kompanie. In other words, the 1943/44 badges are as rare as their 1937/38 counterparts. Moreover, in August 1944, two companies of FJ-Btl Brandenburg participated in the ill-fated ?Relief of Bucharest?. The aim was to rescue two generals ? and their troops - whose HQ was encircled by pro-Soviet Romanian forces. A small force of Brandenburg paras seized Bucharest?s Otopeni Airport at midday on August 24th and held it until 1900 hrs, when their comrades began arriving in Me 323 Gigants. By 2100 hrs, the airport and encircled German HQ areas were under German control. Negotiations with the Romanians, some of whom still professed loyalty to their German allies, secured promises that German forces in and around Bucharest would have safe passage to the Yugoslav border. But all pretence of any cooperation ended on September 1st. As the German column was leaving Bucharest, protected by Brandenburgers, the Romanians turned them over to the Soviets. The ORBAT of FJ-Btl Brandenburg was reduced by half as a result of the Bucharest mission. Few if any of the Brandenburgers survived Soviet captivity and several hundred examples of an already scarce badge must have disappeared with them.

As a footnote, this example came with a 1982 Lothar Hartung Certificate of Authenticity. Herr Hartung was actually officially qualified to authenticate orders and decorations, unlike some of the charlatans charging for CoAs today. As with the prewar aluminium badges, it is unlikely that there were more than three or perhaps four minimum production runs of five hundred units each. No original feinzink APB has ever been encountered with a Juncker hallmark. The hinge and hook assembly was exactly the same as that used on Juncker flight qualification badges made in feinzink or pot metal, the smaller barrel hinge mounted on an oblong base and the hook on a circular base to make the soldered joints stronger. Original examples have been observed with hooks fashioned from round and flat wire stock. The CoA is not terribly relevant as the badge is obviously original but it is an interesting addition nonetheless because it shows that people did know the difference between originals and fakes back then!

PK

Edited September 24, 2007 by PKeating

[Paul R]

Thank you for this in depth report!! It was a pleasure to read. I honestly learned a lot here! Thanks again!

Paul

[PJS]

Prosper,

I am curious...you say no zink Heer Para badges bore the Junckers marks (originals anyway) and yet they obviously put their mark on some of the aluminium ones. If you are correct on production figures, they didnt put their mark on about 2000 zincs ones. I wonder why that was but then I suppose the same question applies to all Third Reich badges.

Phil

[PKeating]

All of the Type 1 aluminium badges made in 1937 bore the C E Juncker hallmark. A few Type 2 aluminium badges from 1937/38 with the same hallmark are known but the majority are unmarked. Nobody has ever seen a Type 3 feinzink example from 1943/44 with a mark. Someone advanced the theory that the hallmarked Type 2s were sent for retail and, indeed, two of the known badges belonged to veterans who stated that they bought them as replacements. However, I don't think any inference should be drawn from this as the Type 1 issue badges in aluminium were hallmarked while the Type 1 and 3 badges in 800 silver which were strictly private purchases items bore no Juncker mark at all. The 1943/44 issue were probably all supplied directly to the OKH. Had any been supplied to retail outlets, they would doubtless have borne the firm's LDO L/12 code or, at that stage, perhaps even the PKA numerical code "2". Regarding production figures, Eric Queen and I based our conjecture upon research that indicated limited availability of doubles and replacements to recipients at the time.

The COA, by the way, has no value in itself other than as a curiosity piece attached to the badge.

PK

Edited November 10, 2007 by PKeating

[PJS]

Thankyou for that info.....I have always wondered why some badges have the makers mark and some dont even thought they are obviously one and the same maker. I too have heard that story about LDO outlets selling the badges with makers marks and the ones without were presented to the recipients but like a lot of theories it is full of holes. I knew the early Junckers aluminium para badges were marked then they make runs without marks.....very strange but I guess some mind far greater than mine will come up with a reason. Whether its the truth is another matter entirely.

Cheers for the info.

Phil

[nesredep]

Hello!

Thank you for the informative thread.I learned a lot here.

All the best

Nesredep

[PKeating]

There was probably never any reason, as such.

PK

[mmiller]

Prosper,

Did either you, or Eric, ever come up with a production 'number', for the Type One Badge? Based on what's on the streets today, I'd be surprised if more than 100 were made.

Regards,

Mark

To reinforce the same die theory between the Type II and Type IIIs:

Edited November 20, 2007 by mmiller