Christophe Posted January 20, 2012 Posted January 20, 2012 Could he be Mathias Rust, the German aviator known for his illegal landing on May 28, 1987 near Red Square in Moscow ? The embarassment caused would be the firing of many senior officers, including Defence Minister Marshal of the Soviet Union Sergei Sokolov and the head of the Soviet Air Defense Chief Marsha Alexander Koldunov, and indirectly the end of the Soviet Union. Not sure, but... Ch.
Christophe Posted January 20, 2012 Posted January 20, 2012 Another idea.... It could be the FIM-92 Stinger, a personal portable infrared homing surface-to-air missile (SAM), used in Operation Cyclone. Operation Cyclone was the code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency program to arm, train, and finance the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan, 1979 to 1989. The program leaned heavily towards supporting militant Islamic groups that were favored by neighboring Pakistan, rather than other, less ideological Afghan resistance groups that had also been fighting the Marxist-oriented Democratic Republic of Afghanistan regime since before the Soviet intervention. Operation Cyclone was one of the longest and most expensive covert CIA operations ever undertaken; funding began with $20–30 million per year in 1980 and rose to $630 million per year in 1987. Ch.
JimZ Posted January 20, 2012 Author Posted January 20, 2012 You are on the right track.....but I am looking for a person and not a weapon...you're very hot on the trail..... Jim :cheers:
JimZ Posted January 21, 2012 Author Posted January 21, 2012 Christophe....a film was made about the person behind Operation Cyclone..... you've almost got the answer.........
Christophe Posted January 21, 2012 Posted January 21, 2012 Charlie Wilson ? Charles "Charlie" Nesbitt Wilson (June 1, 1933 – February 10, 2010) was a United States naval officer and former 12-term Democratic United States Representative from Texas's 2nd congressional district. Wilson is best known for leading Congress into supporting Operation Cyclone, the largest-ever Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) covert operation which, under the Reagan administration, supplied military equipment including anti-aircraft weapons such as Stinger antiaircraft missiles and paramilitary officers from their Special Activities Division to the Afghan Mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan. His behind-the-scenes campaign was the subject of the non-fiction book Charlie Wilson's War by George Crile and a subsequent film adaptation starring Tom Hanks as Wilson. Ch.
JimZ Posted January 21, 2012 Author Posted January 21, 2012 Bingo! :-) Of course, the embarassment was the way his efforts helped turn the tide in the Afghanistan war. Its ironic though to think how this "investment" would later turn round to bite the US in the backside. For those who may not have seen the film Charlie Wilson's War....I strongly recommend it. Jim :cheers:
JimZ Posted January 21, 2012 Author Posted January 21, 2012 (edited) And after having plugged the gap, the score now follows: SCORE UPDATE: 9 points - Christophe 4 points - UB6365 4 points - Hauptmann 1 point - Lukasz Gaszewski Question 19 goes to Christophe! Jim Edited January 21, 2012 by JimZ
Christophe Posted January 21, 2012 Posted January 21, 2012 Question #19 The apex of my career was reached on 20 December 1937. I was short in stature, standing 151 cm, and - not for this reason - I disappeared : We were 4... and then only 3... I was no more a person... Even my dead remained secret. Who am I ? Good hunt and good luck... Ch.
Christophe Posted January 22, 2012 Posted January 22, 2012 You got it, UB !! Nikolai Ivanovich Yezhov or Ezhov (Russian: Никола́й Иванович Ежо́в) (IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj jɪˈʐof]; May 1, 1895 – February 4, 1940) was a senior figure in the NKVD (the Soviet secret police) under Joseph Stalin during the period of the Great Purge. His reign is sometimes known as the "Yezhovshchina" (Russian: Ежовщина), "the Yezhov era", a term that began to be used during the de-Stalinization campaign of the 1950s. During the beginning of World War II his status within the USSR became that of a political unperson. Yezhov was born in Saint Petersburg, according to his official Soviet biography, though other records point to the possibility that he was born in Marijampolė. In a form filled out in 1921, Yezhov claimed some ability to speak Polish and Lithuanian. He completed only his elementary education. From 1909 to 1915, he worked as a tailor's assistant and factory worker. From 1915 until 1917, Yezhov served in the Imperial Russian Army. He joined the Bolsheviks on May 5, 1917 in Vitebsk, seven months before the October Revolution. During the Russian Civil War, 1919–1921, he fought in the Red Army. After February 1922, he worked in the political system, mostly as a secretary of various regional committees of the Communist Party. In 1927, he was transferred to the Accounting and Distribution Department of the Communist Party where he worked as an instructor and acting head of the department. From 1929 to 1930, he was the Deputy People's Commissar for Agriculture. In November 1930, he was appointed to the Head of several departments of the Communist Party: department of special affairs, department of personnel and department of industry. In 1934, he was elected to the Central Committee of the Communist Party; in the next year he became a secretary of the Central Committee. From February 1935 to March 1939, he was also the Chairman of the Central Commission for Party Control. Physically, Yezhov was short in stature, standing five feet, or 151 cm - and that, combined with his sadistic personality, led to his nickname 'The Poisonous Dwarf' or 'The Bloody Dwarf'. Yezhov was known as a devout Bolshevik and loyalist of Joseph Stalin, and in 1935 he wrote a paper on Stalinism in which he argued that since political unorthodoxy was impossible in a perfect Communist state (such as the USSR), any form of political opposition to Stalinist policies was actually evidence of conspiracy by "disloyal elements" to overthrow the Soviet state, thus requiring violence and state terrorism to "root out" these "enemies of the People"; this became in part the ideological basis of the purges. He became People's Commissar for Internal Affairs (head of the NKVD) and a member of the Central Committee on September 26, 1936, following the dismissal of Genrikh Yagoda. This appointment did not at first seem to suggest an intensification of the terror: "Unlike Yagoda, Ezhov did not come out of the 'organs,' which was considered an advantage." Yezhov's first task from Stalin was to personally investigate and conduct the prosecution of his long-time Chekist mentor Yagoda, which he did with remorseless zeal. Ordered by Stalin to create a suitably grandiose plot for Yagoda's show trial, Yezhov ordered the NKVD to sprinkle mercury on the curtains of his office so that the physical evidence could be collected and used to support the charge that Yagoda was a German spy, sent to assassinate Yezhov and Stalin with poison and restore capitalism. He also personally tortured both Yagoda and Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky to extract their confessions. As a final insult for his former mentor, Yezhov ordered Yagoda to be stripped naked and severely beaten by the guards at the Lubyanka before being dragged into the execution chamber and shot. Yagoda was but the first of many to die by Yezhov's orders. Under Yezhov, the Great Purge reached its height during 1937–1938, with 50-75% of the members of the Supreme Soviet and officers of the Soviet military being stripped of their positions and imprisoned, exiled to the Siberian gulags or executed, along with a greater number of ordinary Soviet citizens, accused (usually on flimsy or nonexistent evidence) of disloyalty or "wrecking" by local Chekist troikas in order to satisfy Stalin and Yezhov's arbitrary quotas for arrests and executions. Yezhov also conducted a thorough purge of the security organs, both NKVD and GRU, removing and executing many officials who had been appointed by his predecessors Yagoda and Menzhinsky, but even his own appointees as well. In 1937 and 1938 alone at least 1.3 million were arrested and 681,692 were shot for 'crimes against the state'. The Gulag population swelled by 685,201 under Yezhov, nearly tripling in size in just two years, with at least 140,000 of these prisoners (and likely many more) dying of malnutrition, exhaustion and the elements in the camps (or during transport to them). The apex of Yezhov's career was reached on 20 December 1937, when the party hosted a giant gala to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the NKVD at the Bolshoi Theater. Enormous banners with portraits of Stalin hung side-by-side with those of Yezhov. On a stage crowded with flowers, Anastas Mikoyan, dressed in a dark caucasian tunic and belt, praised Yezhov for his tireless work. "Learn the Stalin way to work", he said, "from Comrade Yezhov, just as he learned and will continue to learn from Comrade Stalin himself". When presented, Yezhov received an "uproarious greeting" of thunderous applause. He stood, one observer wrote, "eyes cast down and a sheepish grin on his face, as if he wasn't sure he deserved such a rapturous reception." Yezhov may well have also realized the danger he was in from such a lavish display of independent public praise; Stalin was always deeply suspicious of the public popularity and political ambitions of his immediate subordinates, and he was present at the event, observing the scene "silently and without expression" from his private box. Yezhov was appointed to the post of People's Commissar for Water Transport on April 6, 1938. Though he retained his other posts, his role as grand inquisitor and extractor of confessions gradually diminished as Stalin retreated from the worst excesses of the Great Purge. Contrary to Stalin's expectations, the vast number of party officials and military officers lost during Yezhov's purges had been only partially made good by replacement with trusted Stalinist functionaries, and he eventually correctly recognized that the disruption was severely affecting the country's ability to coordinate industrial production and defend its borders from the growing threat of Nazi Germany. Yezhov had accomplished Stalin's intended task for the Great Purge: the public liquidation of the last of his Old Bolshevik political rivals and the elimination of any possibility of "disloyal elements" or "fifth columnists" within the Soviet military and government prior to the onset of war with Germany. From Stalin's perspective, Yezhov (like Yagoda) had served his purpose but had seen too much and wielded too much power for Stalin to allow him to live. The defection of the Far Eastern NKVD chief, G.S. Liushkov to Japan on June 13, 1938, rightly worried Yezhov, who had protected him from the purges and feared he would be blamed. On August 22, 1938 Georgian NKVD leader Lavrenty Beria was named as Yezhov's deputy. Over the following months, Beria (with Stalin's approval) began increasingly to usurp Yezhov's governance of the Commissariat for Internal Affairs. As early as September 8, Mikhail Frinovsky, Yezhov's first deputy, was relocated from under his command into the Navy. Stalin's penchant for periodically executing and replacing his primary lieutenants was well known to Yezhov, as he had previously been the man most directly responsible for orchestrating such actions. Well acquainted with the typical Stalinist bureaucratic precursors to eventual dismissal and arrest, Yezhov recognized Beria's increasing influence with Stalin as a sign his downfall was imminent, and plunged headlong into alcoholism and despair. Already a heavy drinker, in the last weeks of his service he reportedly was disconsolate, slovenly, and drunk nearly all of his waking hours, rarely bothering to show up to work. As anticipated, Stalin and Vyacheslav Molotov, in a report dated November 11, sharply criticised the work and methods of the NKVD during Yezhov's tenure as chief, thus creating the bureaucratic pretense necessary to remove him from power. On November 14, another of Yezhov’s protegés, the Ukrainian NKVD chief A.I. Uspensky, disappeared after being warned by Yezhov that he was in trouble; Stalin suspected that Yezhov was involved in the disappearance, and told Beria, not Yezhov, that Uspenskii must be caught (he was arrested on April 14, 1939). On November 19, his wife Evgenia committed suicide by taking an overdose of sleeping pills; she was particularly vulnerable because of her many lovers, and people close to her had been being arrested for months (Yezhov had told her on September 18 that he wanted a divorce, and she had begun writing increasingly despairing letters to Stalin, none of which were answered). At his own request, Yezhov was officially relieved of his post as the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs on November 25, succeeded by Beria, who had been in complete control of the NKVD since the departure of Yezhov’s deputy Frinovskii on 8 September (Frinovskii was appointed People’s Commissar of the Navy). He attended his last Politburo meeting on January 29, 1939. Stalin was evidently content to ignore Yezhov for several months, finally ordering Beria to denounce him at the annual Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. On March 3, 1939 Yezhov was relieved of all his posts in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, but retained his post as People’s Commissar of Water Transportation (his last working day was April 9, at which time the "People’s Commissariat was simply abolished by splitting it into two, the People’s Commissariats of the River Fleet and the Sea Fleet, with two new People’s Commissars, Z.A. Shashkov and S.S. Dukel’skii"). On April 10, he was arrested and imprisoned at the Sukhanovka prison; the "arrest was painstakingly concealed, not only from the general public but also from most NKVD officers... It would not do to make a fuss about the arrest of 'the leader’s favourite,' and Stalin had no desire to arouse public interest in NKVD activity and the circumstances of the conduct of the Great Terror." Amongst his main accusations the former Narkom was accused in accordance with Article 154 of the Soviet Criminal Code ("sodomy, committed with violence or the use of the dependent status of the victim"). Yezhov supposedly broke quickly under torture, and confessed to the standard litany of state crimes necessary to firmly establish a Soviet political prisoner's status as an "enemy of the people" prior to execution, including "wrecking", official incompetence, theft of government funds and treasonous collaboration with German spies and saboteurs, none of which were likely or supported by evidence. Apart from these unlikely political crimes, he also confessed to a humiliating history of sexual deviancy, both homosexual and heterosexual, that was (unusually, in contrast with other condemned Bolshevik officials) later corroborated by witness reports and deemed mostly true in post-Soviet examinations of the case. Among the many people dragged down in Yezhov's fall was Isaak Babel: "In May 1939 Ezhov confessed that Babel’ had committed espionage together with [Yezhov's wife] Evgeniia. Within a week the writer was arrested; during interrogation he in his turn testified against the Ezhovs." However, Yezhov's first wife, Antonina Titova, his sister, Evdokiia, and his mother all survived. On February 2, 1940, Soviet judge Vasili Ulrikh tried Yezhov in Beria's office.Yezhov was nearly incoherent, and, like his predecessor Yagoda, mournfully maintained to the end his love for Stalin. Apparently still hoping for a show trial, Beria suggested once again that Yezhov confess to a plot to kill Stalin but was flatly refused, with Yezhov maintaining that "it is better to leave this earth as an honorable man." Yezhov begged Beria on his knees for a few minutes with Stalin to explain himself, and was repeatedly ignored, finally vowing he would "die with Stalin's name on his lips". When the sentence of death was read, Yezhov fainted and had to be carried from the room. Just before the execution, Yezhov was ordered to undress himself and then was brutally beaten by guards at the order of Beria, the new NKVD Chief, just as Yezhov had ordered the guards to beat and humiliate his predecessor Yagoda before his execution only two years prior. Yezhov had to be carried into the execution chamber semi-conscious, hiccupping and weeping uncontrollably. On February 4, he was executed by the Chief Executioner and Commandant of Lubyanka, NKVD Major-General Vasili Blokhin, probably in the basement of a small NKVD station on Varsonofevskii Lane in Moscow. The main NKVD execution chamber in the basement of the Lubyanka was deliberately avoided to ensure total secrecy. His body was immediately cremated and his ashes dumped in a common grave at Moscow's Donskoi Cemetery. The execution remained secret, and as late as 1948, Time reported that “ome think he is still in an insane asylum.″ In the original version of this photo (top), Yezhov is clearly visible on the right of the photograph. The later version (bottom) was altered by censors, removing all trace of his presence. UB, Congrats !! :jumping: Your turn, now... Ch.
ub6365 Posted January 23, 2012 Posted January 23, 2012 Question # 20 I am not a human. I existed in Russian empire and Soviet Union. Before Peter the Great my name was applied to various foreigners of same kind. In 18-th Century and after Civil war in 20-th Century I was a tool with aim to help government to solve many problems. Question: What is my connection to V.I.Lenin?
JimZ Posted January 23, 2012 Author Posted January 23, 2012 SCORE UPDATE: 9 points - Christophe 5 points - UB6365 4 points - Hauptmann 1 point - Lukasz Gaszewski Question 20 above! Jim
ub6365 Posted January 24, 2012 Posted January 24, 2012 Hint #1. After October revolution I was made in "soft" and "hard" versions. "Hard" version has 2 types inside. The latest type can be found only in Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts and second "small" museum.
Christophe Posted January 24, 2012 Posted January 24, 2012 Could it be the The ruble or rouble (Russian: рубль rublʹ, plural рубли́ rubli ) (code: RUB), the currency of the Russian Federation ? The ruble was also the currency of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union prior to their breakups... The link with Lenin ? Until 1992, Lenin was pictured on all the obverse of Soviet banknotes... Ch.
ub6365 Posted January 24, 2012 Posted January 24, 2012 Very very hot... But not exactly the answer...
Christophe Posted January 24, 2012 Posted January 24, 2012 Could it be the karbovanets ? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_karbovanets Ch.
ub6365 Posted January 24, 2012 Posted January 24, 2012 Direction is right... Please try again... Hint #2: 1 equal 10
Christophe Posted January 24, 2012 Posted January 24, 2012 OK, got it... Chervonets (Russian: Черво́нец; plural chervontsy) is a former currency of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. Originally a term for coins of purer alloy (the name derives from "червонное золото" meaning pure gold,) the name was later applied to various sums in Russian rubles. Before the reign of Peter I, the name chervonets was applied to various foreign gold coins in circulation in Russia, mostly Dutch ducats and sequins. In 1701, Russia introduced its own gold chervonets, which had the same mass (3.47 g) and alloy (.986) as the ducat. Chervontsy were minted until 1757 when they were displaced by the golden ruble (with a lower alloy) and by counterfeits of the Dutch ducat, which by then met the demand for trade in gold coins. In 1922, during the civil war, the Soviet government tried to enforce Communist economic ideals and eliminate debt through systematic devaluation of the rouble and its associated currencies (various forms of Imperial ruble, kerenkas and later sovznaks).[1] Meanwhile, the authorities introduced a parallel currency, called chervonets, which was fully convertible and backed by the gold standard. These coins contained 8.6 g of .900 alloy, and fetched a high rate on the foreign stock exchanges, allowing the financing of the Soviet Union's New Economic Policy. Before industrialisation the value of the chervonets was pegged at 10 rubles, and production of the gold coins ceased. In 1937, Lenin's portrait first appeared on chervonets banknotes. The chervonets was suspended entirely after the monetary reform of 1947. However, a large number of golden chervontsy were restruck to the 1920s design before the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, for the interest of collectors and businesses. Original gold chervonets coins were minted in 1923 and 1925. Very few chervonets coins remain from 1923 and recently been selling for over $7000. There is wide misconception about the 1925 issue. All English sources copy each other and say that only one gold chervonets from 1925 survived although this is not entirely true. On an auction in April 2008 in Moscow, a single surviving production sample copper chervonets from 1925 with slightly modified design from 1923 appeared. It now showed the letters SSSR (Russian: СССР) instead of RSFSR (Russian: РСФСР), and introduced a new coat of arms (that one only featured the first seven Soviet republics, whereas by 1939 the USSR had 15). This copper sample sold for $200,000. As of today, there exists five known gold chervonets from 1925. All are located in Moscow, Russia. Three are stored in the museum of Goznak, Russia's official mint. The other two are located in the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. Ch.
ub6365 Posted January 25, 2012 Posted January 25, 2012 Correct... 1937 issue was called as "Lenin's" chervonets... Even now "chervonets" is common name for 10 ruble (Одолжи червонец)...
JimZ Posted January 25, 2012 Author Posted January 25, 2012 SCORE UPDATE: 10 points - Christophe 5 points - UB6365 4 points - Hauptmann 1 point - Lukasz Gaszewski Question 21 goes to Christophe! Jim
Christophe Posted January 25, 2012 Posted January 25, 2012 (edited) So, my turn again for Question # 21 : Checkpoint Charlie was a crossing point in the Berlin Wall. Checkpoint Charlie, inside Berlin, was designated as the single crossing point (by foot or by car) for foreigners and members of the Allied forces. Members of the Allied forces were not allowed to use the other sector crossing point designated for use by foreigners, the Friedrichstraße railway station. The question is : 1. Name the other checkpoints allowed to Allied Forces to cross the border between East and West. 2. Give their exact locations. The winner will be the first one fully answering these two questions. Good hunt and good luck... Ch. Edited January 25, 2012 by Christophe
Hauptmann Posted January 25, 2012 Posted January 25, 2012 The other Allied checkpoints were on the Autobahn from the West: Checkpoint Alpha at Helmstedt and its counterpart Checkpoint Bravo at Dreilinden,Wannsee in the south-west corner of Berlin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkpoint_Charlie The border crossing existed from 1945 to 1990 and was situated near the East German village of Marienborn at the edge of the Lappwald. The crossing interrupted theBundesautobahn 2 between the junctions Helmstedt-Ost and Ostingersleben. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmstedt-Marienborn_border_crossing The checkpoint was located on the motorway A 115 (known within Berlin as the AVUS), between the Berliner locality of Nikolassee and theBrandenburger rural community of Drewitz, part of the municipality of Kleinmachnow. The checkpoint was the nearest motorway border crossing point to the Helmstedt-Marienborn border crossing ("Checkpoint Alpha") on the border of West Germany, making it part of the shortest highway transit route between West Germany and West Berlin. The checkpoint was shifted slightly during 1969 from Drewitz (part of Potsdam),[2] after the East German authorities realigned the transit route to eliminate a brief re-entry into GDR territory before transit traffic could finally enter West Berlin. The new checkpoint was relocated toNikolassee (part of district Zehlendorf). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkpoint_Bravo Dan :cheers:
Christophe Posted January 25, 2012 Posted January 25, 2012 Well done Dan !! There were 3 checkpoints : A, B and C. Interesting to notice that for checkpoints A and B, a few years ago, the local authorities launched a contest with the idea to define what to do with them... Historical project ? Memorial ? For the time being, very little has been done... Your turn, now... :jumping: Cheers. Ch.
JimZ Posted January 26, 2012 Author Posted January 26, 2012 SCORE UPDATE: 10 points - Christophe 5 points - UB6365 5 points - Hauptmann 1 point - Lukasz Gaszewski Question 22 goes to Hauptmann! Jim
Hauptmann Posted January 26, 2012 Posted January 26, 2012 Three Soviet awards that are extremely common and very cheap in two of their forms... but extremely rare and rather expensive in the third form. What are these three awards? What are the three forms or variations? What is the rarest form or variation of the three types and why? Dan :cheers:
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