Glenn J

my pleasure, a slightly different angle as published in "Die Führer des Reichsheeres 1921 und 1931" Regards Glenn

Morning, Reichsheer char. Generalmajor a.D. Friedrich Hohmann, formerly commander of Artillerie-Regiment Nr. 6 and wartime ARKO 203. Regards Glenn

David, the gentleman is a Warrant Officer Class One in the Coldstream Guards. The peak is fitted with the five rows of “Russia braid” of a WO1 and tailored at a steep angle to rest on the bridge of the wearer’s nose as is customary in the British Foot Guards regiments. Regards Glenn

The 1904 regulations state quite simply: "as per officers of the mounted branches, with silver fittings etc". A royal decree of 15 April 1913 introduced the wear of the central coat of arms in coloured enamel. Regards Glenn

Hi David, note the crown surmounting the Johanniter Order below his Crown Order Commander's cross with swords. The Ehrenritter just wore a cross without the crown. Regards GLenn

Hi guys, a combination of experience, knowledge of uniforms and awards.plus countless hours compiling spreadsheets with awards. And sometimes a bit of luck! Regards Glenn

Hi Ian, hope all is well with you. Oberst Friedrich von Kettler, ARKO 238. Regards Glenn

Hi Chris, I should very much think so: Otto Graf zu Castell-Castell and Wilhelm Freiherr von Leonrod, both wearing the uniform of a Flügeladjutant to the King of Bavaria. Regards Glenn

Hi, as Simius as pointed out, the buttons on the captain's tunic are a bit of an issue. However, with regards to the grenade on the collar; that is the insignia of a non staff qualified (non breveté) officer attached to the general staff. Qualified staff officers (breveté) wore "Lightening rods" or foudre on their regimental uniforms. They are model 1898 officers' tunics for the Chasseurs à cheval. Prior to this, a braided hussar style jacket (dolman) was worn. Regards Glenn

Peter, you can find them listed by year in the published British Army Lists. Many are digitized at the National library of Scotland: https://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/archive/88735803 This from July 1914. Regards Glenn

Hi ArHo, Herr Plaß received the BMV4a on 31 December 1909. Regards Glenn

Paul, I am certainly happy who the owner of the bar with the Austro-Hungarian awards was.? By the way, it is a KO3X. Regards Glenn

guys, many thanks to you both. I think a straight line or stripe of cannetille braid with gold sequins covers it. It should be noticed for completeness, that those generals of division with the function (rank and title) of a general commanding an army corps or those who were members of the superior war council wore an additional 3mm wide silver braid (soutache) above the "baguette". Regards Glenn

Hi SImi, indeed? This is an extract from the regulations and the seller of the kepi above describes it as: "et d’une baguette en paillettes et filets cannetilles d’or". Regards Glenn

Hi, thank you for your reply. I think we may be at cross purposes. I am referring to the line of braid above the oak leaves on the black cap band (bandeau). This model 1931 kepi is from the Bertrand Malvaux site. Regards Glenn

Hello chaps, I would be most grateful for a serviceable translation regarding the Kepi of French general officers. the golden braid which edges the upper edge of the cap band is referred to in the 1935 dress regulations as a “une baguette droite de 5mm”. A “straight rod” or “wand” does not seem particularly helpful. I was thinking perhaps along the lines of a “beaded trim” or such like. Perhaps one of our French speaking gentlemen can please assist. many thanks Glenn

Jon, the war pretty much phased out the Epauletten. As they were only worn on the peacetime parade uniforms, they were no longer used. When the 1915 field grey parade uniform was introduced, these were to fitted with shoulder boards. Paragraph 22 of the introductory order (A.K.O. of 21 September 1915) abolished the Epauletten. Regards Glenn

Hi Jon, a series of changes to titles, including the one you mentioned occurred with effect order of 1 January 1899 - "in order to promote the purity of the language in my army etc....." I am unsure as what you mean by epaulettes. Epaulettes (i.e. the crescent shaped parade dress badges of rank were not worn during the war. If you are referring to the shoulder boards, do you mean those worn by captains and lieutenants of the type introduced in 1888 to replace the previously worn "Feldachselstücke" of flat silver lace? Shoulder boards for general and field officers were considerably reduced in size per order 20 December 1903 from the pattern hitherto worn. Regards Glenn

Hi Chris, as Bayern points out, the Kaiser also wore a similar rig to that worn by Flügeladjutant Major Edgar von Hirschfeld in your photo. The two front straps were worn vertically and crossed over in the rear. Here is another picture of Major von Hirschfeld and his Majesty both wearing the leather belt equipment. Regards Glenn

Morning, the bearded general is Ludwig von Estorff, commanding the 103. Infanterie-Division. The occasion is the 8 May 1916 visit of the Kaiser to VIII. Reserve-Korps. Regards Glenn

Thanks chaps, Balzer is in fact Rittmeister Kurt Walzer UR 8, commanding the Leibgendarmerie. Regards Glenn

Hi David, David, from left to right: Oberst Wilhelm Hans von Frankenberg und Ludwigsdorf, Oberstallmeister. Hauptmann Hans Albert Zeyß, Auto Offizier, Marstall Major Detlef Graf von Moltke, Flügeladjutant General der Kavallerie Frhr. von Richthofen Hauptmann Leopold Frhr. von Münchhausen, Flügeladjutant, 2. Kommandant GrHQ Generalleutnant Oskar von Chelius, General à la suite Wirklicher Geheimer Rat Rudolf von Valentini, Chef, Zivilkabinett S.M. Generaloberst Hans von Plessen, Generaladjutant Generalleutnant Hans Albrecht von Gontard, Generaladjutant Generaloberst Moritz Frhr. von Lyncker, Generaladjutant Oberst Otto Karl von Estorff, Flügeladjutant Oberstleutnant Hans Heinrich XV, Fürst von Pless Generaloberst Friedrich von Scholl, Generaladjutant Major Edgar von Hirschfeld, Flügeladjutant Wirklicher Geheimer Rat, Oberleutnant d.R. Carl Georg von Treutler, Foreign office Admiral Georg von Müller, chief of naval cabinet ? Balzer Generalarzt Dr. Otto von Niedner Regards Glenn

The general at the centre is Generalleutnant a.D. Ferdinand Müller. The general in Reichsheer uniform could well be Alfons Ritter von Bram. Regards Glenn

James, this is an improvement on the one posted above, which I believe I scanned from said book some years ago. The images in the link and the photo with Heeringen and Zwehl above shows Rudolf von Borries. I have to admit, I have some issues with the portrait captioned as showing Baron Diepenrock as a "cadet in 1872." In the first instance, it shows a subaltern officer of one of the Foot Guards regiments. Otto Diepenbrock was commissioned into the 4. Garde-Grenadier-Regiment in November 1879 which wore different cuffs and collar insignia. I am wondering, if he is perhaps Friedrich Freiherr von Diepenbroick-Grüter, born 1869 who was serving in the 2. Garde-Regiment zu Fuß. Regards Glenn

Jon's photo is indeed Otto von Diepenbroick-Grüter. Here is another when he was somewhat younger. Regards Glenn