Hello : The soldier in the photo ,wears the : Distintivo per fatiche di guerra ,created in May of 1916 . it consisted in a ribbon with the national italian colours .Without star means less than a year of war . one star one year , two ,two years the maximum was four stars . The distintivo ceased in 1920 and was absorbed into the War medal . Its difficult to affirm at which branch of the ItalianArmy belonged the soldier . the mostrina of his collar is of the type used by the Artillery , and the Engineers . black in both cases with yellow piping the first and dark red in the case of the others . The Milizia territoriale of Infantry used the same type of mostrina in red and the Medical Corps also but in dark red colour . finally the Commisariat wears a medium blue one with black piping . If i am not wrong , the distintivo was mainly for soldiers serving into commands and intendenzas or mobilized to the war theatres of the Alps