Elmar Lang

Hello, this is a most interesting discussion indeed. In the next weeks, I will organize myself to take some pictures of my Militärdienstzeichen, including the gilt silver 1st Class cross I've recently added to my collection. It's interesting to know that very few officers, besides the Emperor himself, were entitled for the highest class: is the list available? Best wishes, E.L. P.S.: I agree: Vaclav Mericka was one of the deepest scholars in phaleristic: I hope one day his unpublished studies would be printed and his immense collection catalogued and published.

A very interesting excursus in the field of Italian and Italy's related medals of the Risorgimento. Just a little note: the Imperial Austrian "Metallenes Armeekreuz", a.k.a. "Kanonenkreuz" (in its italian regulations as distributed in the new "Regno Lombardo-Veneto", the decoration had an official, italian name: "Croce Metallica d'Armata"), was made of bronze from captured french cannons, but on its rim there wasn't any "AUS EROBERTEM GESCHUETZ" inscription. Only, the suspension loop was struck with the Imperial Mint mark: a two-headed eagle within a lozenge. Best wishes, E.L.

Hello, I need to point out that the "Freigelassen" mark for precious metal is not the "F.R" within a rectangle or, later, the "FR" within a lozenge: both are marks of Rothe, Wien. I don't know what's the source from which Mr. McNamara knew that the "FR" mark would be a tax release one. The official marking system of Imperial Austria has been completely described in "Oesterreichs Orden" , Graz, ADEVA, 1996, pages 388-400, with illustration of all the assay and state marks officially used under Imperial control: more, almost all jewellers' marks are quoted and/or described at page 399: "C.F. ROTHE & NEFFE, Wien, Kohlmarkt: wohl berühmteste österreichische Ordensjuweliere, gergründet 1844, tätig als Ordensjuweliere bis vor kurzem, Firmenzeichen "FR" und "CFR"; Erzeugung aller österreichischen Orden vom Goldenen Vlies, Militär Maria Theresien-Orden, bis zu den einfachsten Auszeichnungen in allen Klassen und Materialien...". Best wishes, E.L.

In Italy, what in Germany is called Spangenstück never bears any mint mark. They were made by private firms like Johnson, Lorioli, Pagani, etc. Interesting to see an unnamed, official medal. It's a pity that often, they fall into the hands of some "creative" people, trying to upgrade them with an attempt of an old, engraved naming, thus damaging an otherwise good piece. Best wishes, E.L.

Hi, I know that named Al Valore medals to foreigners of the Axis powers, existed for sure. Usually, named pieces were those awarded after an operational phase, where the higher commands had time to collect proposals for awards. those accepted, had enough time to allow The Ministry of War in Italy, to order named medals to the Royal Mint. As said, the medals awarded "On the Field", were given out for instance from an Army Corps Command, that disposed of a certain number of unnamed medals, to be awarded very shortly after the date of an act of gallantry. Curiously, at a recent auction, Iìve had the opportunity to purchase three award documents of resp. a Silver, a Bronze and a Cross for Military Valour, to German Luftwaffe NCOs of the flying personnel, dating from 1941. The medals were missing though, but such documents to non-italians, are very rare. Best wishes, E.L.

Hello, your piece is a fine specimen of the Italian Silver Medal for Military Valour, of the type awarded after WW1 and in the early WW2. Being unnamed, most possibly, it was awarded to a foreigner as a "on the field" ("Sul Campo") award. From the pictures I see the mint marks of the crowned "Z" and "F.G", that have to be on any officially awarded piece; the case is also the correct one. No wonder then, that the medal could have been awarded to a German soldier on one of the fronts where Italian and German troops fought together. In the Italian award system, the Silver Medal for Valour is the second highest award for gallantry and courage in combat. Best wishes, E.L.

Hello, no rumours at all. The "Star Mark" ("Stern-Punze" or "Sternchen-Punze") was adopted to mark all decorations made of gilt or silver-plated metal instead of gold or silver; not necessarily at the end of the war. All the best, E.L.

Hello, in my opinion, the signature of the gentleman should be "Luciano Dellorto". Best wishes, E.L.

I don't remember exactly, but the artillery badge with "vertical" flame above the grenade, should mean Heavy Artillery. Field Artillery has the horizontal flame; Horse Artillery (like the Italian batteries equipped with german 88mm. guns from the "1° Articelere" in North Africa), wore the badge with crossed cannons and sabres. The badge that started this thread is from the 1st Engineer's Regiment (Primo Reggimento Genio). I'm not sure whether he saw action in the North African campaign 1940-43. Best wishes, E.L.

CAPUTO Vito, from Lecce, infantry soldier Silver Medal for Military Valour (Posthumous): "After his captain was killed in action, regardless of the enemy rifle and machine-gun fire, he hurried to recover him and, while he was taking the body upon his shoulders, fell killed. San Mauro, August 7th, 1916". Best wishes, E.L. P.S.: the medal bar looks like "upgraded": a soldier couldn't be awarded with the order of the Crown of Italy.

Hello, for all the colleagues interested in this field of phaleristic, I can announce that the new edition of A. Brambilla's book "Le Medaglie Italiane degli ultimi 200 Anni" (The Italian Medals from the past 200 years) was finally published. The first edition, appeared in the '80s, is now completely revised and illustrated in colour with detailed pictures of the original pieces, on nearly 600 pages. I can say that this is the best book now available on the subject, prepared in more than a decade of new research in archives and collections, either public or private ones. The book is written in Italian, but the author says that an English edition will be prepared too. Best wishes, E.L.

The breast star pictured above, actually doesn't look like a piece made by Rothe in Vienna, but in my opinion it can be a copy of a Rothe copy made by Horvath in Budapest, in the late '90s of 20th Century. Such copies of copies are made of cast metal (sometimes silver alloy), and the pin (cast from a Rothe copy too), bears the marks of Rothe. I agree with Paul, that a Rothe copy made in the '60s can be a very good substitute of a highly expensive MMThO Grand Cross. Collecting Rothe copies, can be interesting and amusing: the Viennese firm had dies to make orders from all over the world (and they made them even back in the 19th Century). I didn't know that Mr. Bl. attempted to marry one of the sisters Rothe. I knew the two ladies, back in the 70s: I remember two kind ladies patient enough to give answers to my questions (the typical, annoying questions of a young collector...). E.

Hello, the mark is the austrian one (from 1902 until May 1st 1922) for imported silver. Best wishes, E.L.

They look ok; the one mounted to the Tapferkeitsmedaille should be of a late war production. Best wishes, E.L.

Definitely a poor copy from the far east...

I confirm that most of the Albanian pieces offered in that auction, are what a collector in this field could only dream about. E.L.

Surely, imperial austrian orders have been made in France too. I am not sure whether they should be those bearing the "BRONZE" mark. As said above, it's a 100% austrian mark to indicate a medal made in gilt or silver-plated, non-precious metal. French medals made in bronze, often bear a stamp struck on the rim, in the form of a pointing hand (this, during 2nd Empire) and the mark "BRONCE". Best wishes, E.L.

Hello, the medal itself is less common than one could imagine, but this dedicated case is, in my opinion, highly interesting. Best wishes, E.L.

May he rest in peace. Elmar Lang

Many thanks for the invaluable help! Enzo (Elmar Lang)

Hello, could anyone help me to identify this order's case from the coat-of-arms/inscription on the lid? The fitted inner compartment is missing, but the maker's mark is Arthus-Bertrand, Paris. Thank you in advance, Elmar Lang

An interesting addition to this thread. The laurel wreath attached to the ribbon means the "Kriegsdekoration" and is a device we typically see on German Bandspangen. Best wishes, E.L.

A very fine wartime set indeed. Best wishes, E.L.

Hello, it's the Merit Cross of the GIL or "Gioventù Italiana del Littorio", the fascist youth's para-military organization, of the type awarded to the "Giovani Fascisti" (youths between 18 and 21 years of age, both male and female). Best wishes, E.L.

Hello, I confirm that your cap is for an "Ammiraglio di Squadra" (the highest rank in the Italian Navy). Its huge twisted gold cord, is a sign of being of the latest type (older caps had a much more thin one). The colour in the oval enclosing the anchor depends on the corps (red for Naval Engineers; ash-grey for Harbour and Coastal Guards, Savoy blue for Sanitary Services and so on). If you mean the horizontal, oval portion immediately below the mural crown, from what I know it should always be in a deep blue colour. If you have seen such detail in red (for admirals) could be a semi-official sign of an officer in command of a unit (like, in this case, a navy Squadra, equivalent of an Army Corps). Best wishes, E.L.