Part of the problem may be that while there are official badges, German jewelers also tried their diverse hands at manufacturing these awards between the wars (when the issuing authority no longer existed). It is hard enough to discern consistency in official badges, but to expect any such standards in independently manufactured badges may just be too much. Someday, when someone looks at the Ottoman records, some of our questions may be answered. They are in pretty good condition and order, it is just that no one has bothered. Maybe when that is done, we'll be able to appreciate Ottoman awards in their proper context and not merely as some exotic adjunct to German ODM. There are, of course, a couple of nice books on Ottoman awards, in Turkish of course, but the authors have not dug too deeply into the archives. Reading Ottoman Turkish is a special skill.